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Doctoral Candidacy

To earn a PhD at Washington University, a student must complete all courses required by their department; maintain satisfactory academic progress; pass certain examinations; fulfill residence and Mentored Experience Requirements; write, defend, and submit a dissertation; and apply to graduate via Workday Student. For the details of doctoral degree general requirements in Arts & Sciences, including an explanation of Satisfactory Academic Progress, students should review the Doctoral Degree Academic Information page of the Arts & Sciences Bulletin.

Program Requirements

• Total Units Required: 63 for students without an MA; 72 for students with an MA (Note: Remission applies for a maximum of 72 graduate-level units.)
• Degree Length: 6 years for students without an MA; 5 years for students with an MA
  • Note: Students must be enrolled in 9 graduate credits each semester to retain full-time status. As students complete their coursework, if enrolled in fewer than 9 graduate credits, they must enroll in a specific Arts & Sciences graduate course that will show 0 units but does count as full-time status. Students should connect with their department to ensure proper enrollment prior to Add/Drop.
  • The dual PhD degree in French and Francophone Studies and Comparative Literature requires the study of French literature and culture, over the course of which the student virtually duplicates the courses and other preparations expected of a doctoral candidate in French. In addition, students complete the 12-unit core requirement for the Comparative Literature PhD program, which includes COMPLITTHT 5200. For a description of this core, please review the requirements for the PhD in Comparative Literature.
• Grade Requirement: Students need to take courses for a letter grade and earn a B or better, with a B average overall.

PhD in French and Francophone Studies and Comparative Literature

The dual PhD programs require a focus on a "home" literature, in which the student normally duplicates the courses and other preparations expected of a doctoral candidate in that literature or program. This focus is combined with training in approaches, methods, and theories offered by the program in Comparative Literature and articulated by its core requirements. It is expected that students in the dual programs include one or more comparatist elements in their comprehensive examinations and dissertation. Requirements in the home departments vary.

The dual degree student must in any case complete a minimum of 12 units of coursework in Comparative Literature: the 12-unit core requirements for the comparative literature program. These core requirements include COMPLITTHT 5200 and three additional Comparative Literature courses (3 units each) distributed among three of four designated categories. 

Upon joining the dual degree program, students must be competent in a minimum of two languages pertinent to their work and their objectives. They must also meet the language requirements of the department in which the primary literature program is located. After joining the program, students have the possibility of acquiring reading knowledge of an additional language pertinent to their dissertation work.

Required Courses

• Four courses comprising the Comparative Literature core requirement, including COMPLITTHT 5200 and three additional courses distributed among designated categories (refer to the PhD in Comparative Literature for the listing of designated categories).
• Courses as required for the PhD in French and Francophone Studies (refer to the PhD in French and Francophone Studies for the listing of course requirements).
• Language Requirements:
  • Upon joining the dual degree program, students must be competent in a minimum of two languages pertinent to their work and their objectives. Both languages will be evaluated by an expert in each language.
  • Students must also meet the language requirements of the department in which the primary literature program is located. 
• Qualifying Examinations:
  • Comparative Literature PhD dual degree students will take the comprehensive examinations required in French. At least one of these examinations must entail a comparatist element; this element is to be identified and negotiated with the examination committee, which will include at least one faculty member representing Comparative Literature.
• Dissertation Committee:
  • The dissertation committee should include at least one faculty member representing Comparative Literature. The dissertation itself should — in its theoretical grounding, approach, transnational or transcultural scope, and/or interdisciplinarity — speak to the field of Comparative Literature as currently constituted.

Qualifying Examinations

Progress toward the PhD is contingent upon the student passing examinations that are variously called preliminary, qualifying, general, comprehensive, or major field exams. The qualifying process varies according to the program. In some programs, it consists of a series of incremental, sequential, and cumulative exams over a considerable time. In others, the exams are held during a relatively short period of time. Exams may be replaced by one or more papers. The program, which determines the structure and schedule of the required examinations, is responsible for notifying the Office of Graduate Studies, Arts & Sciences, of the student’s outcome, whether successful or unsuccessful.

Mentored Experience Requirements

Doctoral students at Washington University must complete a department-defined Mentored Experience. The Mentored Experience Requirement is a doctoral degree requirement that is notated on the student’s transcript when complete. Each department has an established Mentored Experience Implementation Plan in which the number of units that a student must earn through Mentored Teaching Experience(s) and/or Mentored Professional Experience(s) is defined. The Mentored Experience Implementation Plans outline how doctoral students within the discipline will be mentored to achieve competencies in teaching at basic and advanced levels. Some departments may elect to include Mentored Professional Experiences as an avenue for completing some units of the Mentored Experience Requirement. Doctoral students will enroll in ASGS 8005, 8010, or 8015 Mentored Teaching Experience - Assistant in Instruction; ASGS 8020 Mentored Teaching Experience - Mentored Independent Teaching; or ASGS 8120 Mentored Professional Experience to signify their progression toward completing the overall Mentored Experience Requirement for the degree.

The Doctoral Dissertation

A Research Advisory Committee (RAC) must be created no later than the end of the student's third year; departments may set shorter timelines (e.g., by the end of the student's second year) for this requirement. As evidence of the mastery of a specific field of knowledge and of the capacity for original scholarly work, each candidate must complete a dissertation that is approved by their RAC.

A Title, Scope & Procedure Form for the dissertation must be signed by the committee members and by the program chair. It must be submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies, Arts & Sciences, at least six months before the degree is expected to be conferred or before the beginning of the fifth year of full-time enrollment, whichever is earlier.

A Doctoral Dissertation Guide and a Dissertation Template that give instructions regarding the format of the dissertation are available on the website of the Office of Graduate Studies, Arts & Sciences. Both should be read carefully at every stage of dissertation preparation.

The Office of Graduate Studies, Arts & Sciences, requires each student to make the full text of the dissertation available to the committee members for their review at least one week before the defense. Most degree programs require two or more weeks for the review period; students should check with their faculty.

The Dissertation Defense

Approval of the written dissertation by the Research Advisory Committee (RAC) is strongly recommended before the student can orally defend the dissertation. The Doctoral Dissertation Committee that examines the student during the defense consists of at least five members. Normally, the members of the RAC also serve on the Doctoral Dissertation Committee. The dissertation committee is then additionally augmented to ensure that the following criteria are met:

1. Three of the five members (or a similar proportion of a larger committee) must be full-time Washington University in St. Louis faculty members or, for programs involving Washington University in St. Louis-affiliated partners, full-time members of a Washington University in St. Louis-affiliated partner institution. All members must be authorized to supervise PhD students and have appropriate expertise in the proposed field of study. One of these three members must be the PhD student's primary thesis advisor, and one may be a member of the emeritus faculty.
2. All other committee members must be active in research/scholarship and have appropriate expertise in the proposed field of study whether at Washington University in St. Louis, at another university, in government, or in industry.
3. At least one of the five members must bring expertise outside of the student's field of study to the committee, as judged by the relevant department/program and approved by the Office of Graduate Studies, Arts & Sciences.

The approval processes outlined in the RAC section of the Doctoral Council bylaws also apply to the doctoral dissertation committee, including approval of each dissertation committee by the Office of Graduate Studies, Arts & Sciences.

The student is responsible for making the full text of the dissertation accessible to their committee members for their review in advance of the defense according to program rules. Washington University in St. Louis community members and guests of the student who are interested in the subject of the dissertation are normally welcome to attend all or part of the defense but may ask questions only at the discretion of the committee chair. Although there is some variation among degree programs, the defense ordinarily focuses on the dissertation itself and its relation to the student's field of expertise.

Attendance by a minimum of four members of the Doctoral Dissertation Committee, including the committee chair and an outside member, is required for the defense to take place. This provision is designed to permit the student's defense to proceed in case of a situation that unexpectedly prevents one of the five members from attending. Students should not plan in advance to only have four members in attendance. If four members cannot attend, the defense must be rescheduled. The absence of all outside members or of the committee chair also requires rescheduling the defense.

Students, with the support of their Doctoral Dissertation Committee chair, may opt to hold their dissertation defense in person or by utilizing a virtual or hybrid format.

Submission of the Dissertation

After the defense, the student must submit an electronic copy of the dissertation online to the Office of Graduate Studies, Arts & Sciences. The submission website requires students to choose among publishing and copyrighting services offered by ProQuest’s ETD Administrator. Students are asked to submit the Survey of Earned Doctorates separately. The degree program is responsible for delivering the final approval form, signed by the committee members at the defense and then by the program chair or director, to the Office of Graduate Studies, Arts & Sciences. Students who defend their dissertations successfully have not yet completed their PhD requirements; they finish earning their degree only when their electronic dissertation submission has been accepted by the Office of Graduate Studies, Arts & Sciences.

Master's Degree Along the Way

Graduate students who enter the PhD program without a Master's will acquire a Master's degree along the way once they take the MA exam and complete 33 credits of coursework by the end of their third semester of the PhD program.

As part of their degree requirements, PhD students must complete a program-defined Mentored Experience Requirement (MER) as per these guidelines. The Mentored Experience Implementation Plan (MEIP) is the written articulation of a program-defined degree requirement for PhD students to engage in mentored teaching activities and/or mentored professional activities, collectively referred to as MERs.

Mentored Experience Requirements (MERs)

Philosophy of Teaching

Teaching development for graduate students in the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures features a supervised, comprehensive, and systematic apprenticeship in the theory and practice of teaching Romance languages. We aim to prepare students for careers in or beyond the academy as we train excellent scholars, mentors, and colleagues. We require Mentored Experiences of all full-time doctoral students. These take the form of Mentored Independent Teaching (MIT) and Assistant in Instruction (AI) experiences as well as Mentored Professional Experiences (MPEs). 

Preparatory Engagement

Preparatory Engagement activities are those that represent an introduction to the foundational skills associated with teaching or communication. Pedagogical preparation engagement activities are normally completed before students are permitted to engage in assisting or teaching in a classroom.

Required before AI: 

• Teaching orientation from the Center for Teaching and Learning

Required during AI:

• Seminar on second language pedagogy before or during the AI (listed under the Graduate Certificate in Language Instruction)
• Practicum in second language classroom practices during the first semester of the AI, offered by a member of the French faculty.

Recommended:

• English Language Program classes provide valuable pre-professional training, including classroom and conference presentations. Targeted English language coursework for second-language teaching (e.g., U15 4700 Language, Culture, and Interaction Strategies for Instruction) may be helpful.

Mentored Teaching Experiences (MTEs)

Assistant in Instruction (AI)

An Assistant in Instruction (AI) is a PhD student who is directly engaged in the organization, instruction, and/or support of a semester-long course primarily taught by a faculty member. An AI receives mentorship from a faculty member related to best practices in classroom engagement, instruction in the field, interpersonal engagement, and other relevant skills. Students and mentors complete a mentorship plan prior to the start of each AI experience. To complete each AI assignment and to ensure that it applies toward their degree requirements, students must register for the appropriate course number for each semester of engagement. Refer to the "Required Pathways for Completion" section below for course numbers and details.

Students are required to complete AI experiences two or three times for 10 MER units per assignment for a total of 10 to 30 MER units. How many times a student will complete an AI experience is dependent upon how many times they are assigned to MIT.

• AIs assist with course development, instruction, and assessment.
• The faculty instructor provides mentoring, observes the graduate student's teaching one to two times each semester, and provides guidance and feedback.

Mentored Independent Teaching (MIT)

MIT is a semester-long experience for PhD students who engage as the primary instructor or co-instructor of a course under the mentorship of a faculty member as part of the MER. Students and mentors complete a mentorship plan prior to the start of each MIT experience. To complete each MIT assignment and to ensure that it applies toward their degree requirements, students must register for the appropriate course number (ASGS 8020) for each semester of engagement. Refer to the "Required Pathways for Completion" section below for more details.

Students can expect to complete four MIT and two AI experiences (or three of each) within or outside the program, with the option of replacing one or one of each with an MPE. Graduate students completing certificates may have opportunities to shadow and teach under the auspices of another program (e.g., in Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies or in Film Studies).

Students participating in MITs will teach French 1010, 1020, 2030, 2040, or 3070. Repeat assignments are permitted to enable them to improve; we expect that students will teach at least two different levels during the course of their program at WU. The assignments will depend on the department's curricular needs at the undergraduate level. Course coordinators, who oversee a team of instructors, provide mentoring. Graduate students may observe their coordinator and are themselves observed one to two times per semester so that they may be provided with feedback on their teaching. In addition, coordinators discuss and provide a brief assessment report identifying strengths, weaknesses, and suggestions for improvement for the student's file at the end of the semester.

Mentored Professional Experiences (MPEs)

The MPE is an unpaid professional experience for PhD students that allows students to develop skills and experiences relevant to their intended career outcomes. Students and mentors complete a mentorship plan prior to the start of each MPE. To complete each MPE assignment and to ensure that it applies toward their degree requirements, students must submit the Mentorship Registration Request form for approval and register for the appropriate course number (ASGS 8120) for each semester of engagement. Refer to the "Required Pathways for Completion" section below for more details.

Students may opt to take one or two semester-long MPEs in place of an MTE, an AI, or one of each. MPE activities may be anything other than classroom teaching of traditional-aged students at a private university or college. Some could still be in the area of teaching, for example, in a secondary school or community college. Others could be in our internship program in university administration, Overseas Programs, Olin Library, or as an editor's assistant. We also encourage students to seek opportunities in museum settings (e.g., at the Saint Louis Art Museum, the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, or the Pulitzer Arts Foundation) or any other supervised position in the "public humanities" (e.g., at the Missouri Historical Society Library & Research Center or the sites and archives in Ste. Genevieve, MO). The scope of these assignments is determined in consultation with the Director of Graduate Studies. Students meet regularly with their MPE mentors throughout the duration of the experience. Students submit a self-reflection and mentors submit an assessment at the end. 

Required Pathways for Completion

Students work with their faculty mentor and their Director of Graduate Studies to plan how and when they will complete their MERs. Students register during the normal registration period for courses in accordance with one of these approved pathways.

Students are required to complete 90 to 110 MER Units. Students can expect to complete four MIT and two AI experiences (or three of each), with the option of replacing one or one of each with an MPE.

Pathway #1

UG Spanish Seminar

ASGS 8010	Take three times
ASGS 8020	Take three times

Pathway #2

UG Spanish Seminar

ASGS 8010	Take two times
ASGS 8020	Take four times

Pathway #3

UG Spanish Seminar

ASGS 8010	Take two times
ASGS 8020	Take three times
ASGS 8120	Take one time

Pathway #4

UG Spanish Seminar

ASGS 8010	Take one time
ASGS 8020	Take four times
ASGS 8120	Take one time

Pathway #5

UG Spanish Seminar

ASGS 8010	Take one time
ASGS 8020	Take three times
ASGS 8120	Take two times