L34 French 1011 Essential French 1 Workshop

Application of the curriculum presented in French 101D. Pass/Fail only. Grade dependent on attendance and participation. Students must be enrolled concurrently in French 101D.

Credit 1 unit. EN: H

L34 French 101D French Level 1: Essential French 1

This course immerses students in the French language and Francophone culture from around the world, focusing on rapid acquisition of spoken and written French as well as listening and reading comprehension. Songs, games, skits, videos, chats, and debates provide a rich cultural context for the themes of the course, including identity, self, and family; school and university life; French cafe culture; and travel. Interactive web-based practice at home helps students prepare to apply their knowledge in the classroom. By the end of the semester, students are able to present on real or imaginary journeys in French-speaking countries. While not required, it is strongly recommended that students also enroll in French 1011, a one-credit, pass-fail practice culture class. 3 credits.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L34 French 1021 Essential French 2 Workshop

Application of the curriculum presented in French 102D. Pass/Fail only. Grade dependent on attendance and participation.

Credit 1 unit. EN: H

L34 French 102D French Level 2: Essential French 2

This course encourages students to continue their exploration of French and Francophone language and culture through intensive and interactive activities that help solidify their acquisition of oral and written communication skills. Songs, games, skits, videos, chats, and debates provide a rich cultural context for the themes of the course, including living quarters, neighborhoods, and cities; technology and social media; shopping and commerce; French food culture; and nature and the environment. Prerequisite: Fr 101D or equivalent. (Recommended for students with 2-3 years of high school French [7th and 8th grades together count as 1 year]. 3 credits.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L34 French 1051 Advanced Elementary French Practice Session

Application of the curriculum presented in French 102D or French 105D. For students with 2-4 years of high school French. Pass/Fail only. Grade dependent on attendance and participation.

Credit 1 unit. A&S IQ: LCD EN: H

L34 French 1052 Advanced Elementary French Workshop

Working vocabulary for the Institute taught to emphasize real-life situations abroad. Only for students who have completed Fr 102D and 105D in Fall 2003 and WHO PLAN TO ATTEND FRENCH SUMMER LANGUAGE INSTITUTE. Credit/No Credit.

Credit 1 unit. A&S IQ: LCD EN: H

L34 French 201D French Level 3: Intermediate French

An intermediate review course with multiple goals: independent and accurate oral and written communication; comprehension of a variety of French and Francophone materials; review of grammar functions; communicative activities.Prereq: French 102D or the equivalent (usually recommended for students with 4 years of high school French [7th and 8th grades count as 1 year]).

Credit 5 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L34 French 202 French Level III At the Summer Institute

This Summer Institute course focuses on the major features of French 201D. Students will improve speaking, writing, and reading skills in French by combining study of grammatical forms with exercises designed to mirror many experiences they encounter while in France. The location abroad and contact with French host families and other French people will facilitate the student's learning experience. Students enrolled in this course will also take French 353, and will be prepared to enroll in French 307D upon their return to St. Louis. Open only to students attending the Summer Institute in France. Prereq: French 102D or 105D.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: IS EN: H

L34 French 203D Intermediate French 1

This redesigned, interactive course explores the richness and diversity of the Francophone world and important contemporary issues such as social justice, inequalities, and the influence of media on society. Using an innovative approach based on lived experience, students will strengthen their abilities and accuracy in speech and writing and will considerably expand their vocabulary. Multi-media activities include films, readings, songs, virtual museum tours, and group projects. Prerequisite: Fr 102D or equivalent. (Usually recommended for students with 3 years of high school French [7th and 8th grades together count as 1 year]). 3 credits.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L34 French 204D Intermediate French 2

In this second semester of the intermediate language sequence, students deepen their knowledge of the Francophone world and refine their oral and written expression, preparing them for the 300 level language, literature, and culture courses. Through discussion of films, radio, television, newspaper articles, and a novel, students broach controversial topics including family values, the business world, art and entertainment, science and technology and the environment. Prerequisite: Fr 203D or equivalent. (Usually recommended for students with approximately 4 years of high school French [7th and 8th grades together count as 1 year]). 3 credits.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L34 French 214 Medical French

In this introductory course to the "Français Professionnel de la Santé" track (French for Medical Professionals), students will be exposed to medical terminology and practices as well as to health-related issues in France and the Francophone world (Quebec, Haiti, West and North Africa). Using an interactive approach based on real life situations, students will learn to perform various medical tasks such as writing a prescription, advising a patient, or presenting a humanitarian project to potential donors. Medical vocabulary and pre-professional oral and written expression will be enhanced throughout the course. Students will acquire the necessary tools to perform their tasks, preparing them for further coursework in the FPS track, the Diplôme de français professionnel de la santé, and the France for the Pre-Med study abroad program in Nice. Prereq: Fr 203D or equivalent (this class can replace Fr 204D).

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

L34 French 215 Conversation, Culture, Communication 1: Pop Culture

The course will examine popular culture through a focus on what is said and performed, viewed especially but not exclusively through French film. Five thematic units will focus on everyday occurrences and themes that mark both French and Francophone experience: the intersection of French History with the lives of ordinary people; the role of the French family in modern life; the motto of the French Revolution and how it applies today; the notions of community and the individual in modern French and Francophone society; the role of the French in the world at large. Active student participation is required; student will be required to do at least two oral presentations on the films we will be seeing, and in some of the versions, to make their own film. An optional film-viewing is scheduled on Fridays 2-4. Prereq: Fr 201D or the equivalent. May be taken before or after Fr 216.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: ETH

L34 French 216 Conversation, Culture, Communication 2: French Culture Through French Film

This course enables students to pursue your exploration of French culture through French film. Though not a history of French cinema, it introduces some of France's most celebrated actors and directors. We focus on excerpts that illustrate important life themes, including childhood, coming of age, existential crises, the search for happiness, the need for laughter, the threat of crime and violence, the complexities of love, and attitudes toward death. Students are asked to contrast their expectations of how such themes are to be treated with the way in which the French choose to portray them. Students write film reviews as though they were, alternately, an American or a French critic. As a final project, they write their own screenplay and imagine how it might be filmed in France. By the end of the course, they will have begun to view French culture with a French eye. Prerequisite: French 201D or the equivalent. May be taken before or after Frrench 215.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: ETH EN: H

L34 French 247 First-Year Seminar

Taught in English. This small-group seminar is devoted to the reading and study of other texts, such as films, paintings, and so on, as well as discussion and writing. Topics vary but have an interdisciplinary focus. Prerequisite: AP in English, French, or History, or permission of instructor. Does not substitute for any other French course.

Credit 3 units. A&S: FYS A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

L34 French 299 Undergraduate Independent Study

Prereq: Fr 201D and permission of the Director of Undergraduate Study.

Credit variable, maximum 3 units.

L34 French 307D Cultural Expression

This course enables students to reinforce and refine their French written and oral expression while exploring culturally-rich contexts and addressing socially-relevant questions. Students develop linguistic mastery, expand their vocabulary, and improve their communication skills through themed readings, films, and interactive activities. FR307D is essential for further study of French language, literature, and culture. Prereq: French 204 or the equivalent. (Usually recommended for students with 5 years of high school French [7th and 8th grades count as 1 year]). Director: Haklin TOPIC FALL 2024: Invitation au voyage. Travel and tourism have long shaped cultural production in French, inspiring writers, artists, and travelers alike to traverse the globe and imagine the world beyond one's doorstep. This course invites students on a journey across the francophone world as we revisit attractions from Paris to the Moon. Through the exploration of various media from short stories and films to songs and street art, we will embark on imaginary expeditions, exotic excursions, spiritual pilgrimages, and touristic treks. These quests will offer us an opportunity to deepen and enrich our cultural expression in the language.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

L34 French 308D Introduction to Literary and Cultural Analysis

The continuation of French 307D, this course emphasizes the improvement of writing skills through the analysis of a broad array of cultural and literary texts. This course introduces students to some of the most defining customs, ideas, and values of the French and Francophone traditions. Each semester a specific theme orients the readings, films, and artworks studied, and provides a context for class discussions and student papers. 3 class hours per week. Should be taken before Fr 325 or Fr 326. Prereq: Fr 307D or the equivalent. Director: Jouane.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L34 French 320 Advanced Conversation: The Art of French Cooking

This class explores both historically and experientially the fine arts of French cooking. Students will investigate food culture from various perspectives, including recipes from the chefs of kings, famed literary homages, excerpts from contemporary writers, films, and cooking shows. They will present online food blogs or videos sharing their attempts to master an aspect of the historical, regional, or contemporary food culture we have studied; cooking is optional, but creativity is a plus. Topics to be explored include Terroir; the slow food movements; La table d'hote; the role of the cafe and the market in French and Francophone cooking; and reflections on our own national food cultures. Students will gain the necessary vocabulary and cultural knowledge to be able to converse about cuisine with ease with people from any Francophone country, preferably over a long meal. Prereq: Fr 307D.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

L34 French 321 Topics I: In Persepctive

Focusing on topics of cultural and social importance, this course will offer students the opportunity to learn about defining moments in the French tradition. The specific topic of the course will vary from semester to semester, and may include works from different disciplines, such as art, film, gender studies, history, literature, music, philosophy, politics, science. Prereq: Fr 307D. SEC 06: An introduction to some of the "other" literatures in French: the literary traditions and cultural contexts of Francophone countries in North and sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean. Vibrant and productive cultures around the world have interacted with the French language and its literature to produce highly diverse texts of their own. We will study some of them, focusing on issues like cultural adaptation, colonialism, and "civilizing missions" and the responses to them. We will also consider the varying meanings of the term "Francophone", from conservative to liberal, and examine the ways in which contemporary mainland France has been transformed by the Francophone presence. Prereq. Fr 307D

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: ETH EN: H

L34 French 322 Topics II

Focusing on topics of cultural and social importance, this course offer students the opportunity to learn about defining moments in the French tradition. The specific topic of the course will vary from semester to semester, and may include works from different disciplines, such as art, film, gender studies, history, literature, music, philosophy, politics, science. Prerequisite: French 307D.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: ETH EN: H

L34 French 325 French Literature I: Dramatic Voices: Poets and Playwrights

An interpretation of cultural, philosophical, and aesthetic issues as presented in influential works of French poetry and drama from the Middle Ages to the present. May be taken before or after French 326. Prereq: Fr 308D or Fr 318D.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

L34 French 3252 French out of France: Introduction to Francophone Literatures

An introduction to some of the "other" literatures in French: the literary traditions and cultural contexts of Francophone countries in North and sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean. Vibrant and productive cultures around the world have interacted with the French language and its literature to produce highly diverse texts of their own. We study some of them, focusing on issues like cultural adaptation, colonialism, and "civilizing missions," and the responses to them. We also consider the varying meanings of the term "Francophone," from conservative to liberal, and think about its implications for the study of French literature as a whole. Finally, we examine the ways in which contemporary mainland France has been irrevocably transformed by the Francophone presence. Works by Kourouma, Césaire, Kateb, and Lopes. Prereq: Fr 307D.

Credit 3 units. BU: IS

L34 French 326 French Literature II: Narrative Voices: Fiction and Nonfiction

An investigation of cultural, philosophical, and aesthetic issues as presented in influential works of French prose from the Middle Ages to the present. May be taken before or after French 325. Prerequisite: French 308D or French 318D. Sec 09 Prosaic Greatness. The title of this course emphasizes both the artistic value of certain major prose texts in French and the everyday facets of knowledge about French culture they convey. From the Middle Ages to the present, influential writers like Montaigne, Pascal, Sand, Flaubert, and Gide have demonstrated how important political, philosophic, literary, and artistic concepts have been skillfully passed down from one generation to another through a masterful usage of French prose. By looking closely at the aesthetic and social questions raised by works such as theirs, which are so characteristic of their times, students come to appreciate better the evolution of French prose and its true place within the general history of France.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L34 French 350 Undergraduate Seminar in French Literature and Culture

An exploration of a variety of cultural icons, objects, myths, and traditions that define the French experience throughout the centuries. Topics vary. Prereq: French 308. SECTION 01. LITERATURE, ART, AND HISTORY OF THE FRENCH MIDDLE AGES. In France the Middle Ages is a period of intense artistic and literary creation despite an often brutal history. Feudal struggles, the Hundred Years' War, the Crusades, frequent epidemics, and famines add a tragic cast to daily life. Yet this period witnesses the birth of literature written in French (CHANSONS DE GESTE, courtly romances and poetry, theater), a tradition rich with knights and damsels in distress, stories of love and conquest. Cities are built, as are castles and cathedrals. Botanical gardens are planted. Elaborate wall tapestries and paintings begin to decorate the homes of lords and churches. France discovers the art of the book in the form of illuminated manuscripts. Men and women develop a taste for clothing and jewelry. The course explores this fascinating history by examining celebrated examples of the period's literature and art. It includes a visit to the medieval collection of the St. Louis Art Museum and the film VISITEURS DU SOIR.

Credit 3 units. Art: HUM BU: HUM

L34 French 3501 Special Topics in French Culture

Credit 3 units. BU: IS

L34 French 352 French Institute Project

Students investigate an important aspect of French life by conducting interviews with French natives and by observing them at work. Supplementing this direct experience with further research, students prepare a presentation on their selected topic for the Institute participants and for their French hosts. Open only to students enrolled in the French Summer Institute.

Credit 2 units.

L34 French 353 Project Plus

This Summer Institute course combines 1) a course that examines French culture as it is represented in the evocative history of French châteaux, the arts, and contemporary lifestyle; 2) the student's project; and 3) the student's experiences as part of the community abroad (excursions, visits, group discussions). In class students gain background for appreciating the primary sites of the Institute: in the Loire Valley, Paris, and Brittany. The classroom experience is discussion-oriented, with small writing assignments and readings. The project is an individual research program that students conduct with a French native on a particular aspect of French culture. In the past students have dealt with serious topics such as the deportation of the Jewish community in Amboise during World War II; with less grave subjects such as the work of a local wine grower or goat cheese producer, and the culinary repetoire of French and American families; and current topics concerning the political situation in Europe and the euro. Following weekly conferences with the teaching staff, students present a formal report on their experiences to an audience comprised of other members of the group and the students' host families. Students at the Institute are expected to speak French in all group settings. Assignments in this course level-appropriate (students enrolled in French 385 will complete longer papers and projects than those enrolled in French 202; expectations for conversations are likewise adjusted accordingly). Required of all students attending the Summer Institute in France.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD EN: H

L34 French 360 Thinking-It-Through

Thinking-It-Through courses provide students with long views of contemporary issues. Cross-cultural perspectives from the French and Francophone world, past and present, help us to think creatively about the most pressing problems we face today. The subject -- which is of social, cultural, and/or political interest -- will change each semester. Beginning with a watershed moment in history, students will consider how the topic in question evolved over time by interpreting related forms of cultural representation and expression in order to develop an informed critical perspective on current debates. Prerequisite: French 308.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L34 French 361 Thinking-It-Through II

Thinking-It-Through courses provide students with long views of contemporary issues. Cross-cultural perspectives from the French and Francophone world, past and present, help us to think creatively about the most pressing problems we face today. The subject -- which is of social, cultural, and/or political interest -- will change each semester. Beginning with a watershed moment in history, students will consider how the topic in question evolved over time by interpreting related forms of cultural representation and expression in order to develop an informed critical perspective on current debates. Prerequisite: French 308 or In-Perspective.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L34 French 3701 In-Depth: Paris, Capitol of Modernity: A Digital 19th Century

The French assert that the world learned to be modern in 19th-century Paris. Even though this is not entirely true, the Paris we observe today owes a great deal to 19th-century interventions in the city's physical fabric. Our ideas about modernity are informed by the ways in which the French learned to observe and describe the radical changes in their capitol. This course will examine maps, guidebooks, urban descriptions, and fiction to see how Paris changed in the century that brought us urban modernity, including anonymity, city crowds, cycles of boom and bust, hugh-scale public works, energy and anomie. It will also introduce students to some of the tools for digital scholarship and the presentation of academic work to non-academic audiences. Students will collaborate in the creation of a textual database on Paris monuments, and learn to present their research on urban sites via ArcGIS's Story Maps. Prerequisite: French 308 or In-Perspective.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L34 French 3702 In-Depth: Subtexts and Subterfuges

What persuades us that we understand a situation -- that we know the players, their intentions, and the effects of their actions? Do we rely on a parent's, lover's, or leader's moral authority or on our own sense of justice? Are we motivated by the coherence of their proposals or by our own emotional needs? All of the above? How, then, do we sort through layers of argument to detect ulterior motives and censored thoughts? Our class will focus on subtexts: hidden meanings, innuendo, ambiguity, veiled hints, omissions, and outright lies. We will consider how storytelling works to elicit particular responses in personal and commerical ads, travel brochures, cookbooks, political speeches, and street art. Tales of seduction by Perrault ("Puss in Boots"), Laclos ("Dangerous Liaisons" [excerpts]), and Proust ("Swann in Love" [excerpts]) along with Haneke's film of suspense and surveillance ("Hidden") will focus our attention on techniques of camouflage and detection. The subtexts in these works will inform our own (thriller?) subplot of contemporary life: a creative project to top off the semester. Prerequisite: French 308.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA EN: H

L34 French 3703 In-Depth: A Passion for Things

Imagine a collection of prized objects. What motivates a collector to acquire and display them? How do these objects allow us to understand the past as it defines our own heritage and that of others, what we choose to preserve or erase? These questions ground our study of the pleasures of collecting. A passion for things can be empowering, but it can also signal exploitation. What happens when the desire to possess extends to a person--when a person becomes the thing possessed? The passion to possess implies the power to dispossess, to take from others the property, privileges, and promises that were theirs. We will focus on three sites of power in which collections figure prominently: the court of Louis XIV at Versailles; the museums, department stores, and world's fairs of 19th-century Paris; and the world of objects in 20th-century poetry and photographs. The class will examine objects that speak to the relations between men and women; kings and subjects; humans and nature; ideas of freedom and efforts to suppress it. Authors and artists include Perrault, Lafayette, Duras, Baudelaire, Zola, Ponge, Vuillard, Caillebotte, Cartier-Bresson, and others. Prereq: In-Perspective or Fr 308.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L34 French 3704 In-Depth: France and the Muslim World

France today has more Muslim citizens than any other country in Europe, and this fact puts the country's relationship with Muslims, both within and beyond its borders, constantly in the news. Starting with Napoleon's invasion of Egypt, we will examine the wide involvement of France in the affairs of Muslim countries: its presence in Egypt and Lebanon, and most notably its colonization of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, which had an irreversible effect on French culture today. We will also consider the anthropology and cultural productions (literature, film, and art) of French people of Muslim origin. Given the influence of francophone Muslim religious scholars, we can not only speak of France and the Muslim world, but investigate France in the Muslim world. What futures become imaginable, when we see Muslims as an integral part of French culture, and France as part of the global Muslim community? Assignments will include writing for non-academic audiences, and the creation of a StoryMap presentation in ArcGIS. Prereq: In-Perspective or Fr 308.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD EN: H

L34 French 374 In-Depth: Science Fiction

What we now call science fiction emerged from early tales of voyage and discovery, whose authors envisioned other times, places, customs, and perspectives. It flourished in the fantastic and futurist tales that first arose in France but were popularized in Germany, England, and America. An outgrowth of the scientific and the industrial revolutions, it informed the genres of opera, painting, and the novel before reaching the silver screen. Drawing on theories of the uncanny, we will consider how we determine whether stories are governed by the laws of nature (madness, dreams, coincidence) or the supernatural (ghosts, sylphs, devils). We will then explore when and how the Romantic realms of the gothic gave way to the dystopian worlds of science fiction that inform not only contemporary film but our current perception of reality. Readings by Cyrano de Bergerac, Voltaire, Cazotte, Balzac, Maupassant, Verne, Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Zola, and Leroux; films by Resnais, Godard, and Jeunet. Prereq: In-Perspective or Fr 308.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS EN: H

L34 French 375C Biography of a City: Paris

This class has a dual focus: to trace the political and cultural history of Paris throughout the ages since its founding; to highlight Paris as a theme or topos in works of art and in the popular imagination. Thus, we examine both Paris's role as an important historical center as well as its function as a vital cultural symbol. Guest speakers from the Departments of Romance Languages, Art History, History, Music, Philosophy, and others. Course taught entirely in English. Same as Art-Arch 376 and Comp. Lit.

Credit 3 units. Art: HUM BU: IS

L34 French 376C Cinema and Society: Feminist Filmmaking

Did you know that the inventor of narrative fiction film, and perhaps the only female filmmaker from 1896-1906, was a French woman? This course introduces students to French and Francophone cinema through the lens of the feminine. In this "her"story of French-language film, we will explore works by female directors as well as representations of women and girls on the silver screen from cinema's silent origins to the empowered voices of the #MeToo era. In tandem, we will engage with key ideas from feminist critics like Simone de Beauvoir and Françoise d'Eaubonne. Class discussions will take an intersectional approach, addressing feminism's connections with the following topics: girlhood and adolescence; race and ethnicity; post-colonial cultures; gendered spaces/places and the environment; LGBTQ+ identities; motherhood and domesticity. Our corpus includes classics from the French tradition as well as understudied films, running the spectrum from drama to documentary, to coming-of-age narratives and cult favorites, including works by Chantal Akerman, Yamina Benguigui, Alice Guy, Céline Sciamma, and Agnès Varda, among others. Prereq: In-Perspective or Fr 308.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS Art: CPSC BU: IS EN: H

L34 French 383C Literature and Society: Ailing Body/Ailing Mind in French Autobiographical Writings

Illness and suffering have inspired a great variety of literary texts from the Middle Ages to the modern era. This course considers works ranging from Montaigne's influential ESSAIS through contemporary novels that focus on autobiographical writings in which the author gives a personal account of his or her own direct experience with illness. Open only to students enrolled in the Nice Pre-Med program.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L34 French 387 Points of Intersection

Topics in comparative literature. Subject matter will vary from semester to semester.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

L34 French 395 Paris and New York: The Art of the City

The cultural icons Paris and New York exert a powerful hold on our imagination. We will explore how the French and Americans define themselves, and each other, through their premiere cities. The themes of integration and isolation, class and race, innovation and tradition, and commemoration and celebration will ground our discussions of writers Zola ("Therese Raquin"), Wharton ("The Age of Innocence"), Proust ("Swann's Way"), Foer ("Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close"), Krauss ("The History of Love"), Truong ("The Book of Salt"), and Gopnik ("Paris to the Moon"); painters Vuillard, Caillebotte, and de Kooning; photographers Brassai, Cartier-Bresson, Doisneau, Ronis, Abbott, Hine, and Stieglitz; and filmmakers Godard ("Breathless"), Allen ("Manhattan," "Midnight in Paris"); Jeunet ("Amelie Poulain"), and Kassovitz ("Hate").Through our study of public spaces (the Brooklyn Bridge, the Twin Towers, the Eiffel Tower, and the streets themselves), we will consider how each city functions as a site of memory even as it fashions the future.
Same as L16 Comp Lit 395

Credit 3 units.

L34 French 400 Intensive Translation for Graduate Students I

The first part of a two-semester course sequence in reading and translating French. For graduate students in the humanities, social and natural sciences. Nongraduate students may enroll with permission of the department. Must be followed by Fr 401.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD EN: H

L34 French 401 Intensive Translation for Graduate Students II

Continuation of Fr 400. For graduate students in the humanities, social and natural sciences. Prereq: Fr 400; credit for Fr 400 is contingent on completion of Fr 401.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD EN: H

L34 French 4013 Second Language Acquisition and Technology

This seminar for undergraduate and graduate students will transform research and theory about second-language acquisition into practice while focusing on technology-driven applications. The course fosters professional development as participants formulate critical skills for evaluating, creating, and integrating technology into the language classroom and other language learning contexts, including business, engineering, and law. Course formats include readings, discussions, and demonstrations with technologies. The course counts for the minor in applied linguistics, the PhD in applied linguistics, and the graduate certificate in language instruction. This course carries the Social and Behavioral Sciences attribute and can be taken for different majors.
Same as L92 APL 4023

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: SSC EN: S

L34 French 411 Intensive Writing in French: Timely Topics

This course enables advanced students to refine and develop their writing skills and to develop specialized vocabularies based upon current issues in the Francophone world chosen in light of their interests (Global Health, International Relations, Anthropology, Political Science, etc.). They will analyze the rhetorical strategies used in contemporary cultural debate and write creative, persuasive, and analytical compositions that prepare them to apply for internships and pursue careers in international medicine, business, law, diplomacy, and the arts. Students will complete a series of short papers, each with required revisions. Meets WI requirement. Prereq: Fr 307D, Fr 308D, or permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS, WI EN: H

L34 French 4131 Advanced French and Translation

This course fosters an in-depth knowledge of the French language and accuracy in its use. It employs a comparative approach (linguistic and cultural) initiating students into the art of translation from English to French and from French to English and sensitizing them to the problem of cultural transfer. Students will acquire practical training, cultivating skills advantageous in the workplace by drawing on a wide variety of documents to develop translation strategies. Genres include fiction, autobiography, journalism, advertising, and correspondence spanning different eras, regions, and registers. This cours satisfies the college's writing intensive requirement. Prereq: In-Perspective or Fr 308.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS, WI EN: H

L34 French 413B Linguistics and Language Learning

This course, taught in English, is a foundation for students who will work with linguistically and culturally diverse people in the USA and around the world, whether this work is in the courtroom, hospital, classroom, office and more. The class will help prepare students for the diverse range of twenty-first century occupations that have language and linguistics at their center, including machine learning and translation studies. The class utilizes a survey format and covers both internal and external factors related to language acquisition and language use, such as language and the brain, language aptitude, age, gender, memory, prior knowledge, etc. Theoretical and research dimensions of both linguistics and foreign / second language learning are treated. Corresponding implications of the readings focus on action- on making decisions for language policies and debates around the world that are informed by linguistic and language knowledge. The course is required for the minor in applied linguistics, the PhD in Applied Linguistics, and the graduate certificate in language instruction. This course carries the Social and Behavioral Sciences attribute and can be taken for different majors such as Global Studies and Educational Studies. Prereq: Ling 170 is recommended but not required.
Same as L92 APL 4111

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: SSC BU: BA, ETH

L34 French 415 The 19th-Century Novel: From Realism to Naturalism to Huysmans

In this seminar we will read some of the great realist novels of the nineteenth century, by the four masters of the genre: Balzac, Stendhal, Flaubert, Zola. We will also examine Huysmans's A REBOURS, which was written in reaction to the excesses of Realism. We will determine what characterizes the realist novel and how it has evolved from Balzac to Zola. We will consider its theoretical orientation, but we will also focus on the major themes it addresses: the organization of French society throughout the nineteenth century, Paris vs. the province, love, money, ambition, dreams, material success, decadence, etc. Prereq: Fr 325 and 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates. 3 units.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 417 Poetry and Prose of the Renaissance: Gender, Love, and Sexuality in the Renaissance

A major writer, an early sympathizer of the reform movement, and a generous patron of the arts and sciences, Marguerite de Navarre (1492-1549), King Francis I's sister, has continued to intrigue readers throughout the ages. Her correspondence, short stories, plays, dialogues and religious poems have been edited and translated into several languages. However, her best known work today remains the Heptameron, her collection of novellas. This course will focus primarily on the Heptameron in the context of the Querelle des femmes, a centuries-long literary debate over the nature and status of woman. It proposes a close study of the text with special emphasis on gender issues. Close attention will be paid to early modern understandings of sex and gender and the extent to which devisants and characters in the stories conform to or defy the predominant gender stereotypes; gender relations; the dynamics of love and marriage; attitudes toward sexuality, gender and sexuality, and sexual aggression and violence. Prereq: Fr 325 or Fr 326, or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 4171 Travel Abroad in Early Modern Times

This course addresses such questions as national identity; international relations; migration, cultural differences, and integration; cultural interactions and influences. It concerns more specifically the important role humanism played in the spectacular development of vernacular languages and traveling abroad in Early Modern times. It will be organized around the following themes: 1. Humanism, nationalism, and the growing interest in the vernacular; 2. Humanism and the on-going project of translation (TRANSLATIO STUDII); 3. Humanism and Travel Abroad; 4. Views on foreign cultures and one's own after returning home; 5. "La France italienne" (including at least one session on Lyons and another on Italian artists living in France); and 6. Integration and Conflicts. Readings will include major authors (Rabelais, Montaigne, Marguerite de Navarre, Du Bellay) as well as lesser-known figures (Pasquier, Lery, Thevet), diaries and travelogues. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units.

L34 French 4172 Travel in the Renaissance and the Literature of Discovery

Improved modes of transportation under the king Francis I facilitated travel in the Renaissance. Men and women were able to view famous cultural monuments on their continent and explore parts of the world where no one had ventured before, returning home with vivid tales of distant lands and exotic peoples. With the advent of the printing press, such fascinating stories were made available to a wider audience. This course examines this literature of discovery, paying special attention to the multiple genres that flourished at the time (historical narratives, diaries, correspondences, travelogues, elegiac poetry, adventure novels) as well as the historical and cultural contexts of these works. Other questions addressed include national identity and cultural differences, cultural interactions and influences, international relations, the impact of humanism, and the concept of CURIOSITAS. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 419 Feminist Literary and Cultural Theory

This course provides a historical overview of feminist literary and cultural theories since the 1960s and 70s, acquainting students with a diversity of voices within contemporary feminism and gender studies. Readings will include works of French feminism, Foucault's History of Sexuality, feminist responses to Foucault, queer (LGBTQ+) theory, postcolonial and decolonial feminism, feminist disability theory, and writings by US feminists of color (African-American, Asian-American, Latina, Native-American). The reading list will be updated each year to reflect new developments in the discipline. We will approach these readings from an intersectional and interdisciplinary perspective, considering their dialogue with broader sociopolitical, cultural, and philosophical currents. By the end of the course, students are expected to have gained a basic knowledge of the major debates in feminist literary and cultural studies in the last 50 years, as well as the ability to draw on the repertoire of readings to identify and frame research questions in their areas of specialization. The class will be largely interactive, requiring active participation and collaborative effort on the part of the students. Students will be encouraged to make relevant connections between the class readings, everyday social and political issues, and their own research interests. NOTE: This course is in the core curriculum for the Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies graduate certificate. Prerequisite: advanced course work in WGSS or in literary theory (300 level and above) or permission of the instructor.
Same as L77 WGSS 419

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, SC, SD Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 4191 The French Islands: From CODE NOIR to Conde

The French have been dreaming about the tropics ever since transatlantic trade became possible in the sixteenth century, and literature in French has reflected these dreams ever since. Closer to our own period, writers from the French Caribbean have written themselves into the French canon, winning prestigious literary prizes. This course will link these two phenomena by studying literature from and about the tropics from the 18th century to the present. In our readings, we will attempt to see the ways in which the literature from and about France's island possessions has contributed to the forming of cultural and political relations between France and the islands, but also among the islands and within the Americas. Almost all texts available in English for students not majoring in French; main seminar session taught in English with weekly undergraduate preceptorial in French. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326. One-hour preceptorial for required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD EN: H

L34 French 4192 Dark Humor: Francophone Literature from West Africa

In 1960, most of the French colonies in Africa gained independence in a largely peaceful transfer of power. Since then, this development has been viewed alternatively as the triumph of self-determination, and as a hollow act undermined by neo-colonial French ministries, multinational companies, and corrupt governments. Media today commonly adopt a highly pessimistic tone when speaking of these phenomena, but literature from West Africa provides alternative ways of looking at the region, which today includes over 140 million French speakers. Reading authors such as Kourouma, Kane, Tansi, Tchicaya, and Lopes, we will consider the ways that literature enters into dialogue with political discourses represented both as tragedy and as farce. The main seminar (section 01) is taught in English; undergraduates also register for a weekly discussion (section A) conducted in French. Prereq: for undergraduates, Fr 325, 326, Thinking-It-Through, or In-Depth; for graduates not in French, reading knowledge of the language.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 421 The 20th-Century Novel

In this seminar we examine the evolution of the French novel in the twentieth century. We closely read five great novels, by Proust, Gide, Céline, Robbe-Grillet, and Ernaux. We determine what characterizes the twentieth-century French novel and how it has evolved from Proust to Ernaux. We consider its technical aspects but will also focus on the major themes it addresses: love, art, memory, time, death, and the general problem of the human condition. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 4211 The Novel of the 1930s: The Human Condition and the Meaning of Life

Most French novelists of the 1930's were no longer satisfied simply to entertain their readers, to bring formal innovations to their writing, to depict society, or to represent human consciousness. Economic transformations, technological advances, and the unspeakable horrors of WWI challenged traditional beliefs. Authors therefore dedicated themselves to examining the human condition and the meaning of life. In this seminar we will read five major novels of the period by Saint-Exupéry, Mauriac, Malraux, Céline, and Sartre. We will determine how each author approaches the fundamental questions of human existence and what, if any, answers he provides. Prereq: Fr 325 and 326 (or, for students who have completed the Paris Business Program, completion of either course). One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 4221 Topics in French Literature: The Voyage of Self-Discovery

In our modern interconnected society, it is not always easy for young people to define who they really are or to discover and fulfill their potential, but it is encouraged and facilitated through education, travels, social contacts, and even technology. But it was not always so. In earlier times, individuals were often constrained by the prevalent social and moral values of their worlds and had a much harder time discovering their persona or fulfilling their needs and aspirations. This seminar explores the issues of self-discovery, initiation, and self-realization in the modern novel, including Balzac's EUGENIE GRANDET, Stendhal's LE ROUGE ET LE NOIR, Falubert's MADAME BOVARY, Mauriac's THERESE DESQUEYROUX; and Phillippe Grambert's UN SECRET. Prereq: Fr. 308.

Credit 3 units. Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS

L34 French 427 Literature of the 17th Century I

UNDERGRADUATES ONLY REGISTER FOR THIS SECTION Prereq: Fr 325, 326, Thinking-It-Through, or In-Depth or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM

L34 French 4271 French Classical Theater

A study of works by Corneille, Molière, and Racine. We consider how the theater contributes to the rise of absolutism in France in the seventeenth century. The depiction of kings and the role of primogeniture; the function of sacrifice; the marginalization of women; the glorification of Ancient Rome; Orientalism; tensions between family and State; and the rise of the bourgeoisie in these plays suggest how the dramas played out on stage mirror the historic spectacle of the court over the course of the century as it develops an increasingly centralized authority culminating in the image of an all-powerful Louis XIV. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM

L34 French 428 Literature of the 17th Century II

This seminar examines critical points of intersection in the 17th century. All connections engage texts as well as images. We will explore the expansion of knowledge as reflected in the mapping of bodies (anatomy), cities, and countries; humans in relation to animals; commerce and the rise of the bourgeoisie that challenges the privileges of the aristocracy; the splendors of nature and culture as manifest in the magnificent Versailles gardens, the tulip craze, and landscape painting; the lure of the exotic as part of everyday experience; and links between art and science. These topics will allow us to situate classical France in relation to the periods that precede and that follow it: the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. We will view the French monarchy in relation to both Italy, whose art provided much inspiration, and Holland, where the prosperity of merchants supported an art market that included Vermeer, de Hooch, and other celebrated Golden Age painters, all who are so unlike the artists who flourished under Louis XIV. Works will include Corneille's "Horace" and "Surena"; Racine's "Berenice" and "Phedre"; Descartes's "Discours de la Methode"; La Bruyère's "Caracteres"; Lafayette's "Princesse de Cleves"; Pascal's "Pensees"; Graffigny's "Lettres d'Une Peruvienne"; extracts from the "Encyclopedie"; art by Le Brun, Poussin, Patel, Bernini, Vermeer and his contemporaries, and Boucher; anatomical drawings by Vesalius; as well as maps and cityscapes. Prerequisites: French 325C and French 326C.One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 4281 Order in the Court: Classical Struggles During the Reign of Louis XIV

Beginning with a study of Versailles, we examine the spectacular dimensions of artistic production under Louis XIV, including architecture, visual arts, and landscapes, in addition to literature. The recent historical novel L'ALLEE DU ROI, which details the romance between the king and his mistress and then second wife Mme de Maintenon, and the MEMOIRES of Saint-Simon help to set the stage for us to appreciate the intrigues at court. Situating the king at the head of a hierarchical and orderly court structure, we examine some of the less harmonious elements of court-dominated life offered in representations by Corneille (SURENA), Molière (LES FEMMES SAVANTES), Racine (MITHRIDATE, PHEDRE), La Rochefoucauld, La Bruyère, La Fontaine, Mme de Sévigné, Pascal. We consider the ways in which the court assures its power through primogeniture, the right of the eldest born son to inherit power, as well as through strict codes of etiquette and the generosity of the crown to its loyal and productive followers. We examine how these factors are insufficient to protect the monarchy against the contravening forces of political ambition, family struggles, the emerging role of women, religious faith, and the devastating effects of war and disease. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units.

L34 French 431 Literature of the 18th Century I

Prereq: Fr 325 or 326. One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 4311 Voices of Dissent: Enlightenment Principle and Social Protest

The eighteenth century saw a rise in overtly moralizing texts, on the one hand, and unapologetically immoralist philosophies on the other. We focus on texts that avoid these extremes, allowing multiple voices to be heard. With the aid of excerpts from Genette, Bakhtine, Todorov, and Barthes, we identify the voices of dissent in several eighteenth-century genres, including satire, the tale, the novella, the philosophical dialogue, theater, autobiography, and the epistolary novel. By reading authors such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, Prévost, Diderot, Cazotte, Rousseau, Beaumarchais, and Charrière, students come to appreciate a third tendency in eighteenth-century texts that is crucial to our understanding of the Enlightenment: the tendency to validate conflicting perspectives. We consider whether a moral can be derived from a text that consistently questions the voice of authority. We analyze the implications of such questioning in the years before the Revolution. Finally, we consider the extent to which the overzealous censorship laws of the period may have obliged authors to couch socially controversial ideas in narrative forms that seem to deny their own assertions. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units.

L34 French 4321 Art, Revolution, and Society

This course examines major eighteenth-century aesthetic treatises and literary texts that explore solutions for aesthetic quandaries. Authors include d'Alembert (PREFACE A L'ENCYCLOPEDIE), Rousseau (DISCOURS SUR LES SCIENCES ET LES ARTS, LETTRE A D'ALEMBERT), Diderot (ENTRETIENS SUR Le Fils naturel, LE PARADOXE DU COMEDIEN, LE NEVEU DE RAMEAU), Cazotte (LE DIABLE AMOUREUX), Beaumarchais (LE BARBIER DE SEVILLE, LE MARIAGE DE FIGARO), Staël (DE LA LITTERATURE, CORINNE). These works allow us to study some of the major insights into the aesthetics of music, painting, and the performing arts with an eye to how these aesthetic "revolutions" expanded the scope and influenced the form of the French language and literary texts. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD EN: H

L34 French 4331 Women of Letters

We investigate the representation of women in eighteenth-century texts. Why did the novel and epistolary fiction became so closely associated with women as writers, heroines, and readers in the course of the century? Why were women considered exemplary and yet, at the same time, a threat? The eighteenth century saw the last of the salons led by women well-versed in philosophy, literature, art, and politics. It saw the reinforcement of the opposition between the public and the private sphere. Woman was the incarnation of the ideal of liberty and yet excluded from the "Rights of man." Rousseau praised women's role as nurturers and peace-makers but cast into doubt their capacity for genius. Literary texts that feature women became a sparring ground for two of the century's major literary trends: SENSIBILITE and LIBERTINAGE, for a woman's sensitivity was thought to contain the seeds of virtue and licentiousness. We investigate philosophical discourses on the senses and emotions and political discourses on republican responsibility. We read these texts in conjunction with the literary works of men and women authors, including Prévost, Marivaux, Graffigny, Riccoboni, Diderot, Rousseau, Charrière, Laclose, Sade, and Staël. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. Art: HUM

L34 French 4341 Enlightenment Energy: Comedy, Eroticism, and the Grotesque

In this course we will examine works in which the comic, the erotic, and the grotesque--base urges that eighteenth-century audiences deplored yet found entertaining--made inroads into the literature of the time. The Enlightenment was highly suspicious of impulses and intuitions that challenged or escaped the bounds of virtue, sentiment, and reason. French philosophes debated whether genius lay in the supreme mastery or the spontaneous creation of art, whether talent was inborn or could be acquired through practice. Reading texts that span the long eighteenth century, by authors such as Molière, Marivaux, Crébillon fils, Voltaire, Diderot, Restif de la Bretonne, Beaumarchais, Sade, and Hugo, we will investigate how the satirical, the bawdy, and the profane served as the wellspring of Enlightenment inspiration, giving rise to visions of an ideal society. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial for required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units.

L34 French 4351 Philosophical Fictions

The French Enlightenment witnessed a veritable explosion of short fiction, including philosophical, oriental, moral, and libertine tales bearing such self-conscious titles as A THOUSAND AND ONE FOLLIES and THIS IS NOT A TALE. Though written by the literary elite and not considered children's literature, the genre enjoyed widespread popular appeal and had the power to shape mentalities. Often satirical in tone, these tales served to convey and question contemporary political, philosophical, scientific, religious, and moral trends. They inspired some of the most vivid illustrations of the day and were often circulated as part of the literary underground. We will read works by Crebillon fils, Voltaire, Diderot, Cazotte, Charrière, Sade, and Staël alongside excerpts from French cultural history on eighteenth-century mentalities, salons, and print culture. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD EN: H

L34 French 4391 Classicism/A-Classicism

Among the hallmarks of seventeenth-century, French classicism celebrated reason, order, balance, and a power often associated with the great achievements of Ancient Greece and Rome. Reason, however, coexisted with dreams and madness; order encountered threats both political and sexual; disharmony persisted despite longings for justice; and depictions of Antiquity flourished alongside those of the Orient, the exotic other world of the East. The course explores these "a-classicisms," or countervailing forces, by studying the challenges that ground the struggles and seductions in dramas by Corneille, Molière, and Racine as well as in the novels of Madame de Lafayette. We read Graffigny's LETTRES D'UNE PERUVIENNE, Prévost's MANON LESCAUT, Laclos's LIAISONS DANGEREUSES to understand classicism retrospectively, through the "a-classicism" of the eighteenth Century's treatment of identity, alienation, desire, and societal tensions. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial for required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units.

L34 French 4392 Commemorating the King

The court of Louis XIV at Versailles was remarkable for its grandeur, its consolidation of power, and its celebration of the Sun King. Arguably, all aspects of court life were regulated by the crown and all things produced--whether wars or monuments; art or science; novels or histories--were tributes to the king. All reflected a certain "ideology of commemoration," that is, an implicit or explicit validation of the monarch's privilege and prestige, both for his contemporaries and for posterity. We will explore how authors (including Louis XIV, La Bruyère, La Rochefoucauld, Perrault, La Fontaine), artists (Lebrun, Rigaud, Poussin, Félibien), and historiographers/memorialists (Racine, Saint Simon) support the ambitions of the crown through their works. Modern critics Elias, Marin, Burke, and Merlin will guide our research into the activities of the royal family, the ideology of absolutism, and the role of art in affirming the power of Versailles as we continue to memorialize it through surviving texts, monuments, and images. Prereq:Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial for required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units.

L34 French 443 Contemporary Francophone Literature

A general survey of Francophone literature. This seminar examines representative texts of Quebec, "Acadia," Africa, and West Indies. Authors to include Antonine Maillet, Louis Hémon, Michel Tremblay, Gérard Leblanc, Anne Hébert, Maryse Condé, along with the influential poets of "négritude," Senghor and Césaire. This course counts towrds the seminar requirment for the major. Prereq: Thinking-It-Through or In-Depth.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM

L34 French 447 The Medieval Literary Arts

How do medieval French writers understand the structures and functions of the human body? What kinds of bodies are considered disabled? Are womanhood, childhood, and old age construed as disabilities? in this course we will read texts of varied genre--farces, saints' lives, fabliaux, poems, romances, journals and chronicles--as we consider how, if at all, disability exists as a social or literary construct in the Middle Ages. Texts include Philippe de Beaumanoir's MANEKINE, Courtebarbe's TROIS AVEUGLES DE COMPIÈGNE, Guillaume de Machaut's VOIR DIT, and the farce LE GARÇON ET L'AVEUGLE; excerpts from Jean de Meun's ROMAN DE LA ROSE, from the OVIDE MORALISÉ and from Christine de Pizan's MUTACION DE FORTUNE; and poems by Rutebeuf, Deschamps, and Molinet, as well as critical and theoretical texts from the emerging discipline of disability studies. Texts will be available in modern French; no prior study of Old French language is necessary. This course counts towards the seminar requirment for the major. Prereq: Fr 325 or Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 451 French Literature of the Middle Ages I

French literature from the beginning to 1250. The course emphasizes CHANSONS DE GESTE, courtly romance and lyric, and early drama. Most works read in modern French. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 452 French Literature of the Middle Ages II: I, Object

In this seminar we will explore the significance of objects and objectification in medieval French literature. What happens when people are treated as "love objects" in lyric poetry, or when inanimate objects take on human properties in comical or allegorical texts? How do the "transactions" of fictional wills and legacies bind one human subject to another? We will approach these questions through a number of theoretical perspectives, includiing psychoanalytic, poststructuralist, posthuman, and thing theory. Texts include poems of the troubadours and trouvères, fabliaux, the Roman de la Rose, René d'Anjou's Livre du cuer d'amour espris, and Villon's Testament. Texts will be read in modern French; no prior study of Old French language is necessay. Prereq: Fr 325 or Fr 326 or the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial required for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM

L34 French 4550 Intersectional Identities in Medieval France

Were medieval French identities "intersectional"? What cultural evidence is there -- in literature, theatrical performance, the visual arts, and the artifacts of everyday life -- for such identity categories as "race," "sexuality," or "disability"? In this course, we will investigate medieval French imaginaries of the racialized, gendered, classed, and abled/disabled body, seeking to do the following: (1) understand the systems of power and privilege that undergirded medieval identities; (2) critique the contemporary perception of medieval Europe as an all-"white," male-dominated space; and (3) explore how contemporary critical identity studies can deepen our comprehension of medieval culture and how medieval materials can offer new insights into contemporary identity formations. This course will be taught in English, with a weekly discussion section in French for undergraduates enrolling for French credit. Prerequisite: French 325, French 326, Thinking-It-Through, or In-Depth.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA EN: H

L34 French 456 Romance Philology

Study of the evolution of the major Romance languages from their common Latin origins. Knowledge of classical Latin not required, but acquaintance with phonetics of at least one Romance language extremely helpful. Conducted in English. Prereq: Fr 325 and Fr 326 or one of these courses and the equivalent WU transfer literature course from Toulouse or Paris. One-hour preceptorial for undergraduates.

Credit 3 units.

L34 French 459 Writing North Africa: Francophone Literature of the Maghreb

With statues of colonizers coming down around the world, France reckons with its colonial legacy in North Africa. Ever since their conquest of Algiers in 1830, the French have been fascinated by writing from across the Mediterranean. Beginning with nineteenth-century French travel narratives about Algeria, the colonial era defined ideas of the "exotic." As Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia gained independence from France in the mid-twentieth century, North African authors often wrote their own literature in the language of their former colonizer. These authors and their contemporary descendants continue to create and challenge the ideas of postcolonial francophone literature today. The main seminar sessions are taught in English, with additional required weekly undergraduate discussions (section A) in French. Prerequisites: for undergraduates, French 325 or 326, Thinking-It-Through, or In-Depth; for graduates not in French, reading knowledge of the language.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 461 Topics in French Literature and History

How genre affects both the production of a given literary text and its perception by the reader. Representative texts from different centuries and movements. Prereq: Fr 325C and 326C (or, for students who have completed the Paris Business Program, completion of either course). One-hour preceptorial for undergraduates only.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 466 Second Language Acquisition

There are many ways in which a second language can be learned: from infancy as the child of bilingual parents, or later through formal instruction, immersion in a new culture, or in a particular work or social situation. This class is an inquiry into the processes by which acquisition occurs. Topics include the nature of language learning within the scope of other types of human learning; the relationship between first and second language acquisition; the role of linguistic, cognitive, and sociocultural factors; insights gained from analyzing learners' errors; key concepts such as interlanguage and communicative competence; bilingualism; the optimal age for second language acquisition; and a critical appraisal of different theories of second language acquisition. Both theoretical and instructional implications of second language acquisition research are considered. This course can be used towards certification in TESOL and is a required course for the Graduate Certificate in Language Instruction. Prerequisite: Ling 170D or equivalent is recommended, especially for undergraduates, but is not required.
Same as L44 Ling 466

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L34 French 469 Reading and Writing in a Second Language

In the past decade the process of becoming literate in a second language has received considerable attention by researchers and instructors. This course, taught in English, extends issues in L2 literacy beyond pedagogy by examining the wide range of theoretical and research issues, both historical and current. Literacy acquisition among second language learners involves a number of variables including both cognitive and social factors. Topics to be discussed in class include: individual learner differences; the extent to which reading and writing are interrelated; text types and literary forms; literacy and social power; and universal cognitive operations. Students will discuss how to bridge research and practice, and they will create activities to be included in a reading and writing portfolio. Course counts toward the Graduate Certificate in Language Instruction.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD

L34 French 495 Honors

To be considered for graduation with Honors, students must: (1) participate satisfactorily in two 400-level literature courses and (2) enroll in Fr 495 and submit an Honors Thesis approved by the Department at least two months before graduation. Prereq: 3.0 grade point average. Qualified students should consult the Department.

Credit 3 units.

L34 French 4951 Honors

To be considered for graduation with Honors, students must: (1) participate satisfactorily in two 400-level literature courses and (2) enroll in Fr 495 and submit an Honors Thesis approved by the Department at least two months before graduation. Prereq: 3.0 grade point average. Qualified students should consult the Department. Pass/Fail.

Credit 3 units. EN: H

L36 Ital 1015 Introductory Italian for Visual Arts

Students learn methods of effective communication, the rapid acquisition of spoken ability, and a working vocabulary for the visual arts: drawing, painting, sculpture, architecture, photography, the museum, etc. Students will also learn beginning reading and writing skills.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 101D Elementary Italian in the Everyday World, Level I

This course stresses the rapid acquisition of spoken ability, with attention to the development of reading, writing, and listening skills through contextualized learning and engagement with culturally authentic materials. Designed for students with no prior knowledge of Italian or minimal experience in another Romance language.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 102D Elementary Italian in the Everyday World, Level II

Continuation of Ital 101D. This sequence stresses effective communication and the rapid acquisition of spoken ability with increased attention to the development of reading, writing, and listening skills. Prerequisite: Ital 101D or placement by examination.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 106D Accelerated Elementary Italian in the Everyday World, Level I

This course is designed especially for students with previous language study. It moves at an accelerated pace toward the acquisition of spoken ability, with attention to the development of reading, writing and listening skills through contextualized learning and engagement with culturally authentic materials.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 107D Accelerated Elementary Italian II

Continuation of Italian 106D. Designed for students whose previous study of French or Spanish will enable them to grasp the principles and rules of Italian grammar more efficiently. Emphasis on all four language skills: speaking. listening, reading, writing. Prereq: Italian 106D or permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM

L36 Ital 201D Intermediate Italian in the Everyday World, Level III

This course aims for students to achieve intermediate proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Focus is placed on vocabulary building and increased facility with Italian grammar through interactive exercises and the use of authentic materials, such as readings and videos. Regular compositions and exams as well as a final exam. Prerequisite: Ital 102D or higher.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 215 Conversation/Culture

This course examines popular culture through a focus on what is said and performed. The course consists of thematic units focusing on everyday occurrences and themes that mark the Italian experience, such as conversation in the Italian bar; poignant views of life expressed in films and other media; daily experiences depicted in poems and songs; public and private politics; the role of the meal in real life, art, and literature. As students advance through each thematic module, they develop a creative project in which they put into practice (by a skit/presentation/text/artwork) what they have learned. Prereq: Ital 102D or the equivalent.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: HUM

L36 Ital 216 Conversation

A continuation of Italian 215, this course emphasizes the development of speaking skills in Italian through study of aspects of contemporary Italian culture in particular art, music, film, and politics

Credit 2 units. BU: HUM

L36 Ital 247 First-Year Seminar: Italy's Invention of the Modern Museum

This course traces the development in Italy of what we know as the modern museum. Unfolding chronologically from the Renaissance to the current day, the course will examine the origins and rise of art, natural history, science, and national museums across the peninsula from Rome to Venice, Florence to Naples. We will study the establishment of the early public art museums epitomized by the Vatican Museums, the Uffizi Gallery, and the Capitoline Museums. We will examine the impact on national and cultural identity of Fascist propaganda museums instituted under Mussolini's regime, and we will conclude with an examination of extraordinary new museums in Italy, such as the interactive MUSME (Museum of Medicine) in Padua, and the MEIS (National Italian Judaism and Shoah Museum) in Ferrara. Art Curators, and Museum directors will visit our course.

Credit 3 units. A&S: FYS A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: IS EN: H

L36 Ital 248 First-Year Seminar: Italian Literary Culture: Identity, Subjectivity, Audience

In this course we'll sample eight centuries of Italian literary culture by reading some of its greatest works. While familiarizing ourselves with key Italian authors (and some outliers); we'll also work to clarify our thinking about three problems: (1) identity (How does each work express an idea of "italianness"? What other elements of identity, such as gender or religion, are in play? Why do authors sometimes conceal their true identities by using a nom de plume?); (2) subjectivity (How does the author or narrator establish their place in the world?); (3) audience (For whom does the author write? Is the author's audience the same as the narrator's? How do authors make their writings available to others?). Authors studied include Boccaccio, Petrarch, Vasari, Galilei, Collodi, Ginzburg, Ferrante. Three short papers. Class conducted in English with readings in English.

Credit 3 units. A&S: FYS A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: ETH EN: H

L36 Ital 249 Refracted Light: How Others View Italy

Throughout the centuries Italy has both enjoyed and suffered the fascinated gaze of foreigners, who have written about it, painted it, made music and films about it. Drawing principally on prose writings from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, in such varied genres as the short story, the novel, the mystery novel, travel writing, and the memoir, this course will examine the images of Italy that non-Italians project. Beyond learning about Italy, students will consider their own "idea" of Italy, examine their own frame of reference and cultural biases, interrogate a variety of stereotypes, and ponder how well one can truly understand a place as an outsider or reader. Authors studied include Stendhal, Dickens, James, Forster and Mann, and James, as well as such contemporary writers as Michael Dibdin and Shirley Hazzard.

Credit 3 units. A&S: FYS A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM

L36 Ital 280 Sex in Italian Culture and Media

From XIXth century hotbed of sexual tourism to XXist century idyllic scenario of Guadagnino'ssteamy romance "Call Me by Your Name," Italy has been cast globally as an imaginary site of sexual freedom. Throughout the 20th century, Italy's sexual culture and mores have been shaped more by a climate of discretion, secrecy, and scandals than by overt identity politics. However, between the early 70s and the first Rome Pride in 2000, an Italian movement of sexual activism featuring activists, writers, and artists have impacted globally the ways in which we experience and talk about bodies, desires, and sexual identities nowadays. How do we think, represent, and talk sex in Italian culture? What is queer about Italian culture and how does "queer" translate into Italian language? This course introduces students to the study of Italian cultural productions on sexuality between discretion and identity politics spanning early sexological work, accounts of homosexuality under Fascism, "transessualita" Italian-style, sexual manifestos, photographic archives, AIDS fiction, LGBTQI films and YouTube videos, transnational queer comedies, drag king performances, etc. The class is taught in English with no prerequisite necessary. No Final.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 290 The Culture of Food in Italy

This interdisciplinary course will provide students with an introduction to Italian culture presented through an exploration of one of Italy's most appreciated aspects around the world: its food. A major focus will be on understanding the extraordinary significance of food in the definition of "Italianness" and the influence of gastronomy in the creation of national identity. Some of the questions that will guide our exploration will be: how has Italian cuisine changed from antiquity through the Middle Ages and Renaissance, from the political unification in 1861 till today? How do national identity and national cuisine relate? How can food become a tool of political power? How do different products, preparation methods, and consumption patterns, determine the Italian approach towards food that has become renowned (and often misrepresented) all over the world? Students will learn through a combination of lectures, class discussions, presentations, hands-on experiences, and interactions with representatives of the Italian food scene in St. Louis. Texts will include excerpts from literary works (such as Boccaccio's Decameron and Collodi's Pinocchio), academic articles, food magazines and blogs, cookbooks, interviews, and films/documentaries. Students will have the opportunity to increase their vocabulary, review and practice major grammar structures, and improve their conversational and presentational skills in Italian. The course will be taught in Italian. Prereq: Italian 201D

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 2991 Undergraduate Independent Study

Prereq: Ital 201D and permission of the department. No more than 6 units may be earned by a student.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 301 Oral Communication I

Designed to offer students an opportunity to practice and refine their conversational skills while expanding their practical vocabulary. Wide variety of topics for discussion; brief oral reports. Regular homework assignments with emphasis on web-based research and learning. Prereq: Italian 201D.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 307D Advanced Italian in the Everyday World

The course aims at reinforcing and developing advanced grammar structures and writing abilities through the study of a variety of media centered around the theme of humor. Have you ever laughed . . . in Italian? Materials include literary excerpts, short stories, film, television clips, and songs. Our focus will be on grammar and syntax as the bases to understanding contemporary Italian humor. Essential for further study of Italian language and literature, this course must be taken before or concurrently with Ital 323C and 324C. Prereq: Ital 201D, or permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 308D Grammar and Composition II

A continuation of Italian 307D, this course features advanced lessons in Italian syntax and vocabulary and an introduction to the analysis of poetry and theatrical texts, with the goal of improving both reading and writing in Italian. The basis of our work will be a series of readings having a common theme, desire requited and unrequited. We will think about what poets desire, how they give verbal expression to it, and how the success or failure of their pursuit informs their writing. Likewise we will look at how playwrights exploit this theme as a plot device. Readings include poetry by Petrarch, Michelangelo, Tasso, and Montale, as well as two comedies. Grammar exams and regular composition assignments; final exam. Essential for further study of Italian language and literature, this course must be taken concurrently with Italian 323C or 324C. Prereq: Ital 307D or permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 309 Transmedia Italian Culture: Stories, Interpretation, Performance

This course examines contemporary Italian culture through a variety of genres and media, which may include short stories, graphic novels, blogs, zines, essays, news articles, podcasts, film, music, and so on. Strong emphasis will be placed on writing. Throughout the course, students will produce their own analyses of key questions defining Italian culture through the production of multimedia pieces that combine writing with such interpretive vehicles as film, music, and digital photography. This course is in Italian, and it aims to expand students' writing and analytical skills in Italian as well as their cultural competence. No final.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L36 Ital 310 Advanced Italian Grammar in Padua

This advanced Italian grammar course is taught every year in the Boston University program in Padua, Italy, with which Washington University is affiliated. The course allows students to further their mastery of Italian grammar and syntax, in order to achieve a level of full satisfaction of comprehension and active communication. Readings include newspaper articles, literary essays; students write brief compositions while taking weekly tests. Open only to Washington University students enrolled in the Padua, Italy program with Boston University.

Credit 4 units. BU: HUM

L36 Ital 311 Introduction to Contemporary Italy

This course is taught every year in the Boston University program in Padua, Italy, with which Washington University is affiliated. The course focuses on refining students' ability to express themselves in Italian while presenting an overview of the history and society of contemporary Italy. Readings include works by authors who are particularly significant to Italian literature of the 20th century, as well as an array of other materials. Open only to Washington University students enrolled in the Padua, Italy program with Boston University.

Credit 4 units.

L36 Ital 319 Advanced Conversational Italian

Designed to offer students with strong proficiency in Italian an opportunity to practice and refine their conversational skills through the study, rehearsal and performance of theatrical scenes or an Italian comedy from the repertoire of such chief literary figures as Machiavelli, Goldoni, Pirandello, Natalia Ginzburg and Dario Fo. Prereq: Ital 215, or placement by examination.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: HUM

L36 Ital 320 Advanced Conversation

Designed for students who wish to further their oral mastery of the language. Prereq: Ital 319, or permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units.

L36 Ital 321 Independent Study

Credit variable, maximum 3 units.

L36 Ital 322 Topics

This course examines contemporary Italian culture through a variety of genres and media, which may include short stories, graphic novels, blogs, zines, essays, news articles, podcasts, film, music, and so on. Strong emphasis will be placed on writing. Throughout the course, students will produce their own analyses of key questions defining Italian culture through the production of multimedia pieces that combine writing with such interpretive vehicles as film, music, and digital photography. Essential for further study of Italian language and literature, this course may be taken concurrently with Italian 307D, 323C or 324C. Prerequisite: Ital 201D or permission of instructor. In Italian.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 3221 Topics: The Jewish Experience in Italy

This course will examine the social and political history of the Jews of Italy from the period of Italian unification through the end of the Second World War. We will look through two different prisms: first, the constant of Jews' minority status in a Catholic country at a time when Church doctrine was hostile to them and second, their changing status during significant moments in the brief history of the Italian monarchy. Under the latter rubric we will study the rehabilitation of the Jews under liberal political philosophies, their problematic relationship with Fascism, and finally the arrival of the Holocaust in Italy and efforts to defend Jews against Nazi genocide. We will approach these topics wherever possible through primary texts, including essays, memoirs, and novels. Reading knowledge of Italian is not required. Readings in English; some readings in Italian for Italian majors. Discussion in English. Prerequisite for Italian majors: Italian 307D; no prerequisite for students in other majors. Three five-page papers. PLEASE NOTE: THE L75 5221 CROSS-LISTING COURSE IS FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS ONLY.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD BU: HUM, IS EN: H

L36 Ital 3224 Topics: From Basilisks to Botticelli: The Birth, Development and Politics of Museums in Italy

This course investigates the rise and cultural authority of museums in Italy from the Renaissance to the twentieth century. The course unfolds chronologically, beginning with the distant precursors and etymological roots of the museum in ancient Alexandria and Rome. We trace the origins of the museum in the art collection and patronage that surged during the Renaissance, including the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Curiosity Cabinet with its fossils, mythical basilisks, gems and weapons and church displays of religious and classical art. We will study the establishment during the Enlightenment in Italy of the first public art museums epitomized by the Vatican Museums, the Uffizi Gallery and the Capitoline Museums. We will conclude by examining the impact on national and cultural identity of Fascist propaganda museums instituted under Mussolini's regime. No prerequisites.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD EN: H

L36 Ital 323C Italian Literature 1: Genre and Gender in Italy, 1200-1600

This course traces the evolution of narrative and lyric genres in Italy from the late Middle Ages through the Renaissance, with a particular focus on men as writing subjects and the women they constitute as objects. We will focus on such topics as how male poets formed lyric communities, the conflicting dynamics of love and misogyny, the notions of the real and the ideal in the representation of women. We will also look at how women writers both adapted to and wrote back at the dominant discourses of their time. Authors studied include Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Lorenzo il Magnifico, Lucrezia Tornabuoni, Castiglione, Veronica Franco. Prereq: Ital 201D. Previous or concurrent enrollment in Ital 307D or 308D recommended.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

L36 Ital 323W Italian Literature I - Writing Intensive Seminar

Introductory survey of Italian literature from its beginnings in the Middle Ages through the late Renaissance. Analysis of the predominant genres: lyric, religious narrative, novella, treatise, chivalric epic. This is a writing intensive version of the previously offered course L36 323C. Prereq: Ital 201D. Previous or concurrent enrollment in Ital 307D or 308D recommended.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, WI BU: IS EN: H

L36 Ital 324C Italian Literature II: The Making of Modern Italy, Texts and Contexts

This course examines key political, social, cultural, and religious aspects of Italian life from Galileo's condemnation in 1633, through the Risorgimento, Fascism, and the birth of the modern Republic, to the increasingly multicultural Italy of today. The overarching theme of this course is the pervading question of Italian identity, or italianita. We will study a variety of male and female, native born and immigrant authors, visual artists and cultural critics. Prereq: Italian 201D. Previous or concurrent enrollment in Ital 307D or 308D recommended.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L36 Ital 327 History of the Italian Language

In this course we'll trace the evolution of Italian from its very earliest written manifestations to its increasing internationalization in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. We'll study the natural evolution of Italian up until the sixteenth century, its codification as a literary language during the sixteenth century, the debates over the institution of a national language that coincide with the unification of Italy in the nineteenth century, the recovery of dialects as literary languages in the twentieth century, and the more recent incorporation of words and phrases originating outside of Italy. Along the way we'll come to understand the reasons why we study a particular form of Italian in school, and we'll consider the implications of these choices not only for our own learning but for Italian literature and its sense of nationhood.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS BU: IS EN: H

L36 Ital 332 Topics in Film Studies: Italian Cinema

This course studies the influence of film on Italian culture. We will consider the trajectory of Italian film from its origins to the present day. Specific areas of discussion may include: cinema as a revolutionary aesthetic; mass culture versus high art; neorealism; literary adaptation; and cinema as political resistance and vehicle for social justice. The course will also work collaboratively with the Italian Film Fest of Saint Louis in the development of materials, class discussion, and student engagement. Two to three hours of film-viewing plus three class hours a week. Taught in English.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L36 Ital 334 Topics in Italian Cinema

A companion to Italian 332, this course focuses on a select topic in the history of Italian cinema, such as the work of a single director or a significant cinematic movement. Course conducted in English. Italian majors read in Italian, others in English translation. Prerequisite for Italian majors: Italian 307D. Prerequisite for non-majors: Italian 332, Film 220, or permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units. BU: IS

L36 Ital 350 Topics: Global Italy: Race, Gender, Migration and Citizenship

Traditionally represented as a land of emigrants and exiles from the south, 21st-century Italy has become the destination of many immigrants and a place of encounter of different cultures and races. In "Cara Italia" [Dear Italy], a rap hymn by the famous artist Ghali, Italy is both a dear and a contested space of belonging where many children of migrants feel both at home and out of place. Exploring the cultural and historical roots of this feeling, the course asks the following: What does it mean to culturally belong? Why are certain people denied the status of Italian citizens? What does it mean to be Black in Italy? How are interracial younger generations reshaping Italy and Italian-ness? This course is an introduction to cultural productions at the intersection of migration, race, gender, and citizenship in contemporary Italy. In the course, students will critically engage a variety of issues such as the relation between Italian colonialism and recent migration, border politics and civic mobilization, gender struggles and networking, xenophobia and racism, and social protests and activism. Although African migration and Italians of Afro-descent are at the core of the course, students will also explore representations by/of other migrant communities such as the Asian and the Albanian ones. The course will be conducted in English, and screenings will be in the original language with English subtitles.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

L36 Ital 404 Senior Independent Study in Italian

Prereq: senior status; Ital 307D, 308D, 323C, 324C; and permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units.

L36 Ital 408 Disease, Madness, and Death Italian Style

Italian literary history teems with representations of illness, insanity, and death. From the ghastly 1348 plague that frames Boccaccio's Decameron to the midday madness of errant Renaissance knights, from 16th-century tales of poisoning and 19th-century Pirandellian madmen to the contemporary scourge of mafia killings, disease, madness and death are dominant facts of reality, points of view, symbols, and cultural characteristics of Italian poetry and prose. This course undertakes a pathology of these tropes in Italian literary history and seeks to understand their meaning for the changing Italian cultural identity across time and the Italian peninsula. We will read primary literary texts and view excerpts from films alongside articles focused on the cultural history of medicine, religion, and criminal justice. Taught in English. No Final.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, IS EN: H

L36 Ital 428 The New Sicilian School

The unification of Italy in the mid-19th century led to the creation of a new "Sicilian School," the first since that of the court poets associated with Frederick II in the 13th century. These new Sicilian writers have given us many narrative masterpieces, focusing on common concerns such as the island's identity over two millenia and the impact of Italian nationalism; the rise of bourgeois culture and the decline of indigenous patriarchal structures; the rule of law and the role of the Mafia; and the politics of language. Authors studied include Verga, Pirandello, Vittorini, Brancati, Tomasi di Lampedusa and Sciascia. Course taught in Italian or English.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 430 Divergent Voices: Italian Women Writers

This course engages the fictional and political works of Italian women writers from the seventeenth century to the present day. We will read one of the acclaimed Neapolitan novels of Elena Ferrante, who is considered by many to be the most important Italian fiction writer of her generation. We will examine a cloistered Venetian nun's defiant 1654 indictment of the misogynist society that forced her into the convent. We will confront the reality of a woman writer who in 1901 was compelled to choose between her child and her literary career. Among other contemporary writers, we will study the humorous and radical feminist one-acts of playwright Franca Rame. Taught in English. No Final.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, SD EN: H

L36 Ital 432 Divergent Voices: Italian Women Writers

This course will examine select novels, poetry, and political writings by such noted authors as Sibilla Aleramo, Dacia Maraini, Luisa Muraro, and Anna Banti. Special attention will be paid to the historical, political, and cultural contexts that influenced authors and their work. Textual and critical analysis will focus on such issues as historical revisionism in women's writing, female subjectivity, and the origins and development of contemporary Italian feminist thought and practice. Taught in English.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SD Art: HUM

L36 Ital 433 Literature of the Italian Enlightenment

This course aims to explore the spectrum of intellectual and literary discourse of the Italian Enlightenment by examining a wide array of texts and genres. Readings will include selections from Enlightenment and popular periodicals, scientific tracts on human anatomy, women's fashion magazines, the reformed theater of Carlo Goldoni, as well as Arcadian poetry, and literary criticism. We will study the rise and characteristics of "coffee culture" during this age. We will pay special attention to the "woman question," which stood at the center of eighteenth-century Italian intellectual discourse, and which was critical to the contemporary drive to define the enlightened nation-state. The class will be conducted as a workshop in which students and instructor collaborate in the realization of course goals. Readings in Italian or English; discussion in English. Prereq. Ital 323C or Ital 324C.

Credit 3 units. Art: HUM

L36 Ital 437 Caffe, Cadavers, Comedy, and Castrati: Italy in the Age of the Grand Tour

Taught in English. With French libertine philosopher the Marquis de Sade, German novelist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Romantic poet Lord Byron, and other illustrious travelers of high birth and good fortune who sought finishing enrichment by making their Grand Tour to Italy from the mid-eighteenth through the early nineteenth centuries, we will explore the richness and variety of Italian life and culture as depicted by both Grand Tourists as well as their Italian interlocutors. Chief among our destinations will be Venice, Bologna, Florence and Rome. Attractions typical of the early modern Tour will circumscribe our journey. Coffee houses first appeared in the eighteenth century and, in ways strikingly similar to their function today, became the real and symbolic centers of social, intellectual and civil exchange. We will explore eighteenth-century coffee culture through comedies and Enlightenment and popular journals that took them as their theme, as well as through a study of the coffee houses themselves, a number of which are still in existence. Theaters, concert halls, gaming houses, literary and scientific academies, galleries, churches, and universities will be part of the standardized itinerary we will follow. During the period, anatomy and physiology attained new legitimacy as crucial scientific disciplines and we will visit both the anatomical theater at the University of Bologna, where the annual Carnival dissection took place, as well as the first museum of anatomy and obstetrics founded in the Bolognese Institute of Sciences in 1742 by Pope Benedict XIV. We will visit archeological excavation sites, in particular Pompeii, first unearthed in 1748. Fashion, an obsessive preoccupation of the day, will also be a point of interest in our travels. Through primary and recently published secondary sources we will also encounter the remarkable authority of Italian women unmatched anywhere else in Europe at the time. Prereq: at least one 300-level literature course. Readings in Italian or English.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 442 Literature and Fascism

The course features a historical approach to Italian literature from 1930-1950. We will focus on life under the fascist dictatorship, wartime partisan resistance, issues of censorship, and literature as propaganda. Course conducted in English; readings in the original or, if necessary, in translation.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 462 Prose Writers of the Sixteenth Century

With the triumph of the vernacular in 16th century Italy, the peninsula bore witness not just to an outpouring of poetic works but to the arrival of some of the most important prose works in the Italian canon prior to the advent of the novel. In this course, we will conduct close readings of two treatises, Machiavelli's "Prince" and Castiglione's "Book of the Courtier." We will study these works for their linguistic and rhetorical features as well as their historical context and ideological content. We will also consult some secondary readings to help us understand the place of each in the political and cultural landscape of Renaissance Italy. Readings in Italian or English; discussion in English.

Credit 3 units.

L36 Ital 473 Machiavelli and Guicciardini

The development of modern political science in 16th-century Italy. We will address questions of both theory and methodology in Machiavelli's and Guicciardini's political visions. We will also pay close attention to the Florentine context of their work, as well as to the influence of historical examples, both classical and contemporary, in the development of their analyses. Finally, we will ask how the examples they set, and the theories they promulgate, can have resonance in addressing political questions in our own age. Readings in Italian or English; discussion in English.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD EN: H

L36 Ital 481 Dante

This course features an in-depth approach to Dante's "Inferno," the first, and in many ways the most famous, of the three parts of the "Divina Commedia." We'll study the structure of the poem as well as the structure of Dante's Hell, his verse form and use of the vernacular, his notion of sin and punishment and its relation to the theological traditions of which he is an heir. Because so much of the poem is rooted in and extends Dante's autobiography--literary, sentimental, and political--we'll also read two other important texts by him, his early "Vita nuova" (New Life) and his political treatise, "Monarchy." Reading knowledge of Italian helpful but not required. Course conducted in English.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 483 Boccaccio: Decameron

The unrivaled master of late medieval Italian prose, Boccaccio is also a strikingly modern author whose works address such questions as the relationship between literature and history; God and man; storyteller and audience; gender, language, and power; literature and truth. With these and other concerns in mind, we will read his masterpiece, the DECAMERON, a collection of 100 tales set in the Black Plague of 1348. We will then contrast it to his late CORBACCIO, ostensibly a misogynist novel but a text that finally resists such a flattening judgment. Readings in Italian or English; discussion in English. Prerequisite: 3 units of literature.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM EN: H

L36 Ital 485 Ariosto: Orlando Furioso

A close reading of this Renaissance masterpiece with attention to questions of structure and sources, the themes of love and madness, the representation of court life. Readings in Italian or English; discussion in English.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS

L36 Ital 491 Postmodernism

This course explores the complex significance of Italian Postmodernism through an examination of the theoretical arguments and literary works that have shaped the cultural and political debate of the past fifty years. Students will study, among others, the critical theories of "open work" (Umberto Eco), "literature as lie" (Manganelli), and "weak thought" (Gianni Vattimo) that developed from the neo-avant-garde movement of the 1960s. Analysis will focus on the novels of four authors who have had a defining influence on Italian postmodern thought and narrative forms: Carlo Emilio Gadda, Italo Calvino, Luigi Malerba, and Umberto Eco. Course conducted in English; Italian majors read in Italian, others in English translation. Prereq for Italian majors: Ital 307D, or permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units.

L36 Ital 492 The Italian Detective Novel

The detective novel has an unusual and exceptionally brief history in Italy. Only within the past 35 years has an Italian version or, more precisely, subversion of the genre emerged and come to dominate the Italian literary scene. Prominent Italian writers such as Italo Calvino, Umberto Eco, Leonardo Sciascia, and Luigi Malerba have deconstructed the conventions of the detective novel in order to portray the disorder and arbitrary meaning of the postmodern world. This course will explore the history of the "anti-detective" novel in Italy, and the philosophical and political questions the genre evokes. Readings in Italian and English. Conducted in English.

Credit 3 units. Art: HUM

L36 Ital 495 Senior Honors

Prereq: senior standing, at least one course at the 400 level, and acceptance into the Honors program.

Credit 3 units.

L36 Ital 4951 Honors

Prereq: senior standing, at least one course at the 400 level, and acceptance into the Honors program. Pass/Fail.

Credit 3 units. EN: H

L37 Portug 101 Portuguese I

Introduction to Portuguese language. The course emphasizes acquisition of communicative ability. It also covers basic grammar points through reading and writing activities. Classes are taught entirely in Portuguese. No prior experience in the language is required.

Credit 5 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L37 Portug 102A Portuguese II

Introduction to Portuguese language. This second course in the Portuguese program emphasizes acquisition of communicative ability. It also covers basic grammar structures through reading and writing activities. Classes are taught entirely in Portuguese. Prereq: Port 101 or permission of instructor.

Credit 5 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L37 Portug 103 Portuguese for Romance Language Speakers I

Intensive and accelerated course especially designed to take advantage of students' knowledge of Spanish and/or other Romance Languages and to promote a more rapid learning of Portuguese. Classes are taught entirely in Portuguese and stress oral communication, basic use of grammar, reading and writing skills. Proficiency in Spanish or another Romance Language is required. 3 units.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L37 Portug 104 Portuguese for Romance Language Speakers II

This course offers a sequence in the learning process initiated in L37 103. It is a fast-paced class designated for students with proficiency in Spanish and/or other Romance Languages, and its objective is improving conversation, writing, and reading skills. Prereq 103 or permission of instructor. 3 units.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L37 Portug 215 Reading and Conversation I

The goal of this course is to review and to enhance the content learned at the basic level. Through culturally relevant readings and related conversational activities, students are expected to enrich their vocabulary, gain fluency, and improve both reading comprehension and writing skills. Prereq: two college semesters of Portuguese or permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L37 Portug 220 Reading and Conversation II: Intermediate Portuguese

This course is a continuation of Port 215, therefore an intermediate level in the Portuguese section. Its main goal is to improve students' reading proficiency, as well as to provide a class environment in which conversational skills can be practiced and made into a solid foundation. In addition, the class will provide tools to expand vocabulary and promote a cultural understanding of Brazil and other Lusophone countries. Prereq: Port 215 or permission of instructor

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: HUM EN: H

L37 Portug 399 Undergraduate Independent Study

Prereq: Permission of the Department.

Credit 3 units.

L37 Portug 400 Independent Study

L38 Span 101 Elementary Spanish 1

Beginning language program stressing acquisition of spoken ability together with attention to the development of reading, writing, and listening skills. In addition to three hours of class, students complete weekly, assessed independent learning activities with multimedia resources.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 102 Elementary Spanish 2

Second semester of the beginning language program stressing acquisition of spoken ability together with attention to the development of reading, writing, and listening skills. In addition to three hours of class, students complete weekly, assessed independent learning activities with multimedia resources. Prereq: Span 101D or placement by examination.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 201E Intermediate Spanish I

The first half of a two-semester intermediate level sequence. Reviews basic knowledge and introduces advanced skills in grammar, reading, writing, culture, and vocabulary. Prereq: Span102D, or placement by examination.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 202 Intermediate Spanish II

The second half of a two-semester intermediate level sequence. This class continues to review basic knowledge and to introduce advanced skills in grammar, reading, writing, culture, and vocabulary. Prereq: Span201E, or placement by examination.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 223 Intermediate Spanish Conversation and Culture

Practice of spoken Spanish and expansion of vocabulary in a wide range of topics. Discussion and role play based on short readings, music and film. Use of the World Wide Web for up-to-date news and culture. Oral presentations and limited writing. Prereq: 201D or equivalent. Concurrent enrollment in Sp 307D recommended.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 299 Undergraduate Independent Study

Prereq: Span 201D and permission of the department.

Credit variable, maximum 3 units.

L38 Span 3008 The Stories that Win

We all know them. From fairy tales to bestsellers, legends of oral tradition to trend-setting points in the U.S. and global literary marketplace, they are the stories that win. These stories are rooted in a collective literary imagination that binds individual and community hopes + struggles. They are novels, or memoirs of political coming of age, tales of creative sparks that have led to iconic global brands and products, or narrative analyses that become collective origin stories. They speak to the relationship between expectations of justice and our varied political identities; they provide communal reference points during marked moments in history. These stories win by transcending the limits of time or through the entanglements of commercial success. This semester we delve into political memoirs; origin stories of athletes, iconic products, and CEOs; community narrative histories; fairy tales; and myths of national beginnings. We want to understand how power and the uses of history are central to making certain stories, especially "origin stories," the ones public figures deploy to represent their identity, the stories we as a nation tell about ourselves over and over, and the ones that become our collective points of reference-that is, the stories that win. And we want to know why other stories-and the people they're about-are so often left out of our collective imagination.
Same as L32 Pol Sci 3008

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 302 Cultures and Communication in the Spanish-Speaking World

This course is the first part of a two-semester advanced-level sequence. Through the study of a variety of media (i.e., written, visual, aural, and digital), students will develop linguistic and cultural competence and gain a general understanding of contemporary issues of interest in Spain, Latin America, and the United States. Discussion of a wide array of cultural and linguistic materials will serve as the basis for an exploration of the diversity of the Spanish-speaking world. The course focuses primarily on speaking skills. It is designed to prepare students to proceed to higher-level Spanish courses and to build written and oral proficiency. This course replaces Span 307D and is a prerequisite for several study abroad programs. Prerequisite: Span 202 or placement by examination.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3021 Language and Culture for Heritage Speakers of Spanish

This course offers an approach to the linguistic and historical study of different cultural productions in various Spanish-speaking communities in the United States and other Spanish-speaking countries. The materials and structure of the course are designed for students whose cultural roots are, to some degree, Latin and who have grown up in Spanish-speaking environments, so course materials focus on autobiography and identity. This course offers students a multidisciplinary way of working at points where linguistic and literary analysis runs parallel to other forms of cultural production and to the historical narrative of Latinx culture in the United States. Prerequisite: placement by examination.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM, IS EN: H

L38 Span 303 Cultures and Communication in the Spanish-Speaking World II

This course is the second part of a two-semester advanced-level sequence. Through the study of a variety of media (written, visual, aural, and digital), students will develop linguistic and cultural competence and gain a general understanding of contemporary issues of interest in Spain, Latin America, and the US. Discussion of a wide array of cultural and linguistic materials will serve as the basis for an exploration of the diversity of the Spanish-speaking world. Course content is organized thematically into five units: Youth Cultures, Food Culture, New Indigeneity, Environment, and Public Health. The course focuses primarily on writing skills. It is designed to prepare students to proceed to higher-level Spanish courses and to build written and oral proficiency. Prerequisite: Spanish 302, 3021 or 307D. Fromm Ayoroa in charge.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 308E Advanced Reading and Writing

In depth study of the process of advanced reading and writing designed to prepare the Spanish major for upper level courses. Literary texts studied as examples of writing styles. Regular compositions. Prereq: Span 307D or placement by examination. Conducted in Spanish. Doran in charge.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS BU: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 310 Advanced Intermediate Spanish in Spain

Continued study of Spanish grammar and syntax at Washington University's Madrid Carlos III University program. A course designed for non-native speakers of Spanish, to refine communicative abilities in all four skills. Prereq: Placement by exam at Carlos III.

Credit variable, maximum 4 units.

L38 Span 311 Hispanic Culture and Civilization I

Study of aspects of the political, social, and cultural life of contemporary Spain and Portugal, and their historical development. Class discussion; readings with compositions. Conducted in Spanish. May be repeated for credit. Prereq: Span 201D.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Art: HUM BU: BA EN: H

L38 Span 313 Chilean Contemporary Culture

This two-week course will provide a panoramic view of Chilean contemporary culture, focusing on the years from 1988 to the present. We will examine the representation of current issues in literature, the arts, and the media, and study topics such as governmental institutions, the constitution of 1980, the economy, the role of the Catholic Church, public policy concerning culture, etc. The course will meet three hours a day, and there will be several guest lecturers. Conducted in Spanish. Requirements: two short papers, short reports in class of the news or a cultural activity students have attended, and participation in class discussions. Course includes an all-day cultural excursion on Saturday (it includes a visit to one of Neruda's houses, a history museum, etc.).

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: ETH EN: H

L38 Span 317 Advanced Spanish Language in Chile/Spain

Continued study of Spanish grammar and syntax at Washington University's program in Chile or Spain. A course designed for non-native speakers of Spanish to refine mastery of difficult uses and structures in all four skills. Prereq: placement by exam or program director.

Credit variable, maximum 4 units.

L38 Span 3181 Spanish Culture and Civilization

This course is intended to acquaint students with important aspects of Spanish culture, including history, civilization, society, politics, and the arts, dating from the first invasions of the Peninsula to the present. Students will gain an awareness of the ethnic, cultural, and aesthetic diversity of Spain, as a country of multiple autonomous regions, by working with written texts, other media, and by visits to various locations. The broader aim of the course is to enable students to engage with and to analyze Spanish culture from an intellectually critical perspective and knowledge of its sociohistorical distinctiveness. Requirements include active participation within all classes and excursions, presentations, and various written assignments. This course is taught in Madrid, as part of the Washington University Carlos III Program. Conducted in Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 3200 Debating Cultures: Latin(x) America in the Streets

So much of life in Latin America -- and in many Latinx communities across the United States -- happens in public space: in the streets, to be precise. Picture street food vendors in Mexico City, outdoor produce markets lining squares across Lima, Rio de Janeiro's world-famous carnival celebrations, or politicians addressing thousands in Buenos Aires's Plaza de Mayo. Economic transactions, social interactions, political legends and mass political movements, religious processions, festivals and spectacles, and public art all depend on the streets. In this course, we will focus on the incredible diversity of activities that define and give meaning to public life in Latin America and the Latinx diaspora. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded oral communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 3202 Debating Cultures: How Spanish Works

This course offers an introduction to the study of the Spanish language as a science. It focuses on the main linguistic subsystems: the sound system (phonetics and phonology), the formation and use of words (morphology), and the formation and structure of sentences (syntax). When working with each linguistic subsystem, students are provided with opportunities to reflect on and improve their own abilities in Spanish, such as with regard to how mood (indicative versus subjunctive) and aspect (preterit versus imperfect) work in the Spanish verbal system. Similarities and differences between Spanish and other languages, such as English, are highlighted. The course also provides students with an introduction to the history of Spanish in its evolution from Latin as one of many Romance languages (a diachronic view) and an exploration of various regional varieties of Spanish today (a synchronic view). The goals of the course include understanding linguistics and Hispanic linguistics as cognitive sciences; understanding language acquisition and use as neural processes; disentangling linguistic rules and linguistic variation from pedagogical rules and stigmatization; and applying one's knowledge of linguistics in general and Hispanic linguistics in particular to practical issues and challenges. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded oral communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 3203 Debating Cultures: Extraordinary Lives

This course studies Latin America through the lives of its people. We will take biographies as sites where individual dreams and struggles intersect with global, national, and local structures of power and cultural flows. Through various cultural objects and media (film, literature, music, and social media), we will approach the extraordinary yet everyday luchas of Latin Americans in cities and rural areas. We will contextualize each life within the region's political, economic, racial, and gender historicities. The biographies we will discuss may include but are not limited to domestic workers, taxi drivers, street vendors, wrestlers, musicians, folklore dancers, college students, rural teachers, political and ecological activists, influencers, indigneous YouTubers and filmmakers, LGBTQIA+ communities, and transnational immigrants. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded oral communications component, and it is taught in Spanish.Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 320Y Debating Cultures: Mediated Politics in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay

This course explores the intertwined history of media, culture and political struggle in the region known as the Southern Cone, which encompasses Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. We will discuss the role that media have had in shaping the experience of modernity as well as fostering nation formation in these countries. The course will address the political uses of different types of media, covering a wide spectrum of cultural production (literature, music, comic, political cinema, television, internet) and following a long-term chronological approach, from 19th-century print media to recent YouTube production. In doing so, the course engages with questions of technology, identity, memory, gender, indigenous, and working-class cultures, and it draws special attention to the possibilities and limits that grassroots movements found in different types of media. Course materials may include the Argentine comic "Mafalda," the Afro-Uruguayan newspaper "Nuestra Raza," and Rodolfo Walsh's non-fiction literature, as well as telenovelas and indigenous radio. As part of the course, students will engage in active research on the interplay of media and political struggle in the region. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded oral communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC BU: BA, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3210 Debating Cultures: Representations of Gender Violence in Modern Iberian Literatures and Cultures

The landmark law against gender violence in Spain, which was passed under the Socialist government in 2004, became the rallying point for feminist activists, even as it generated a vigorous backlash from among conservative sectors of Spanish society. More recently, the "La Manada" gang rape case in Pamplona in July 2016 provoked national outrage, and, together with the #MeToo and the #NiUnaMenos movements in the United States and Latin America, a global feminist movement was mobilized to protest sexual assault, femicide, and all other forms of gender-based violence. We will consider the works of 19th-century through present-day Spanish women writers, jouranlists, and filmmakers, including Emilia Pardo Bazan, Carmen de Burgos, Rosa Montero, Carme Riera, Lucia Etxebarria, Isabel Coixet, Iciar Bollain, and Roser Aguilar, who have spoken out against gender violence in a variety of fora. Their works will serve as points of departure for exploring the social and cultural causes and dynamics of gender-based violence as well as the ways in which Spanish women have responded to this problem in their writings, film, and other forms of representation. Our analysis will be informed by the larger historical framework of the development of feminism in Spain as well as by the recent global movement against gender-based violence. Course assignments will consist of daily readings, film viewings, group oral presentations, quizzes, discussion forum posts, and a final project that is orally based; students are also expected to engage actively in class discussions and in small group work. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded oral communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3211 Debating Cultures: Inclusion & Expulsion, Memory, and Erasure in the Hispanic World

In this course, we will analyze and discuss the ways in which the Hispanic world has lived, regulated and represented its great religious and cultural diversity. As we progress in our understanding of these multifaceted and varied responses, we will examine the two most important ethical choices that the Hispanic peoples of both sides of the Atlantic Ocean have had in front of them at different points in time: (1) the choice between inclusion and exclusion; and (2) the concerted decision to either memorialize or forget history and the consequences of having chosen to exclude or include certain individuals, ideas, religions or cultural aspects of society. The consideration of these two choices -- as they appear represented in laws, texts and images -- will help us acquire the ability to better understand the challenges and dilemmas that the various Hispanic peoples have encountered in the past and the decisions they continue to make in the present moment when confronted with diversity. Each module of this course will be anchored by an official document or policy that rubber stamped the decision to include, exclude, remember, or forget those who were different because of their origins, their religion, their language, their way of living, or their political choices. Examples of these laws or decrees are the Capitulations of Granada, the Edict of Expulsion of 1492, the New Laws of the Indies, the laws of land confiscation of the 19th century, the persecutions and censorship of the dictatorial regimes in both Spain and Latin America, and the recent Spanish law for the recovery of historical memory. Also, each module will begin in the past and end in the present, with an exploration of the contemporary consequences of those laws and policies. These diachronic studies will contribute to inform the analysis of both social issues and cultural artifacts, and they will enrich the class presentations and discussions. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded oral communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: ETH, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3212 Debating Cultures: Latin American Soundscapes

This course explores Latin America through its sound cultures from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. Diving into aural, literary, and scientific archives, we will discuss how sound produces meaning beyond visual and written cultures, articulates experience, and mobilizes political and cultural change. We will study sound, beats, speech, music, and noise through various cultural objects and media (novels, poems, essays, anthropological studies, journalism, films, radio, records, and digital cultures). We will contextualize these objects in the region's political, economic, racial, and gender historicities. We will examine the interplay of national identity, popular culture, aurality, and modernity in a variety of case studies: folklore (national and American folkloric missions), indigenista operas, indigenous radio and shamanism, the Latin American new song movement (the 1960s and 1970s), rock and youth cultures, cumbia, reggaeton, avant-garde and slam poetry, and the noises of Latin American megacities and protests. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded oral communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 3213 Debating Cultures:Redes/ Networks: Digital Cultures in 21st-Century Spain

This is a discussion-based course that examines from interdisciplinary and collaborative perspectives the new digital cultures emerging in Spain during the first two decades of the 21st century. Shaping and connecting an innovative series of creative, political, artistic, and social "redes" or networks, the emergence of new digital media has radically changed the cultural forms produced and circulated in Spain today. How do these different digital networks function, in what ways are these redes formed, and to what extent have they changed the material, ideological, and social ramifications of culture in the 21st century? The course explores a wide range of cultural materials specifically connected to particular redes or digital networks emerging in Spain in the last two decades. The materials studied will range from digital literatures--such as poetry (Alex Saum-Pascual), graphic novels (Fernandez Mallo), alternative forms of literary and cultural journalism--to music (Rosalia), visual arts (Varvara & Mar), cinema (Chus Gutierrez, digital shorts from notodofilmfest), as well as the generation of new forms of social activism (such as the #8M feminist movement) and alternative political communities (15-M). We will also examine in particular the role of new media platforms (YouTube, WhatsApp, Facebook) in the contemporary production and circulation of digital culture. Students will have a strong, mandatory and graded oral component. Course taught in Spanish. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS BU: BA

L38 Span 3214 Debating Cultures: Migration in the Spanish-Speaking World

In this course we will study how migration shapes and transforms societies, cultural products and practices in the Spanish-speaking world. We will explore questions pertaining to border crossing, displacement, identity, and community in different historical periods and in diverse geographical contexts. We will move chronologically and thematically and also pay close attention to the different ways in which our authors choose to tell their stories. The course is divided into 10 section that correspond to specific places, both real and imagined. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 3215 Debating Cultures: Love, Actually: (Re)Imagining Love in Latin American and Latinx Literature

If you are inclined to trust the polls, according to a worldwide survey conducted by Gallup in 2014, Latin Americans are the most emotional people on the planet. In this course we will test this assertion by critically exploring one of the most intense and complex of human emotions: love. We will look at multidimensional and contradictory facets of love-from passion, desire, and happiness to solitude, betrayal and revenge, from family blood ties to bonds of community and patriotism, from motherhood to miscegenation-as they are reimagined in a wide range of 20th and 21st century literary works, performances, films, artwork, music, and popular culture from across Latin American and Latinx diasporic communities. Love as affect and existential experience invariably intersects and becomes interwoven with such important dimensions of the socio-historical framework as ethnicity, class, gender, sexual identity, nationality, exile, and spirituality. In addition to poems, essays and short narratives by authors representing several Latin American countries and their diasporas (Neruda, Mistral, Quiroga, Storni, Benedetti, Garro, Castellanos, Fuentes, Morejón, Poniatowska, Ocampo, Borges, Cortázar, Bobes, Bahr, Vega Serova, Paz Soldán, Obejas, and Meruane, among others), we will examine academic research on the subject of love, blending insights from psychology, sociology, history, anthropology, religion studies, neuroscience, and philosophy. This focus on interdisciplinary approaches will encourage students to seek their own insights grounded in their experiences and areas of expertise and to perceive love as a complex human condition that encompasses a plurality of socio-cultural expressions and unique individual relationships. This course is conducted in Spanish and has a strong, mandatory and graded oral component. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3216 Debating Cultures: Afro-Latin Americans in Film and Television

This course explores the representation and self-representation of Latin Americans of African descent in film and television. We will discuss, among other things, slavery, race, politics of representation, agency, and Afro-Latin American culture, history, and religion. Students will learn to analyze filmic art. The course will have a strong, mandatory and graded oral component.Students will watch two films and have two short readings per week. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC BU: BA

L38 Span 3217 Debating Cultures: Unveiling the Secrets of Fantasy, Magic, Mystery in Latin America

In this course we will explore a variety of Spanish American discourses (short fiction, essays, films, artwork) built around the unveiling of secrets, mystery, fantasy, and magic through the art of detection, whereby the reader or a viewer becomes engaged in the process of sleuthing, either alone or alongside the fictional figure of a detective. We will explore the creative and versatile ways in which Spanish American writers and artists make use of existing aesthetic paradigms-such as magical realism, literary gothic, fairy tales, science fiction, surrealism, film noir, and detective fiction, among others-as they adapt them to the diverse political, economic and socio-cultural realities of their countries. In many of these discourses, overarching themes of imagination, dreams, madness, criminality, and metaphysical search become intertwined with gendered sensibilities and heterogeneous perspectives profoundly embedded in socio-political realities. Some of the mysteries and crimes that often elude detection and punishment have to do with corruption and state-sanctioned violence, as it happens in the cases of systemic violence in Colombia, of the plight of the "disappeared" persons under the dictatorial regimes of the Southern Cone (Argentina, Chile), or the systemic corruption surrounding narcotrafficking. Authors to be studied include Borges, Ocampo, Cardenal, Casey, Quiroga, Valenzuela, Cortázar, Rulfo, Paz Soldán, Téllez, García Márquez, Schweblin, Dávila, Vega Serova, Benítez Rojo, Bahr, and Enríquez, among others. This course is conducted in Spanish and has a strong, mandatory and graded oral component. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA EN: H

L38 Span 3218 Debating Cultures: Youth and Counterculture in South America

This course will explore South American cultures from their most provocative and insurgent expressions, lifestyles, and identities. Focusing on the Andes (Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia) and the South Cone (Chile, Argentina and Uruguay) regions, we will study a conjunction of cultural producers that used their rebellious nature as part of their art. How did they represent the youth of their societies? How did they respond to the status quo? How have they used the flows of globalization, media, and revolution? By exploring literature, music, cinema, and performance, we will discuss the sociopolitical impact of these works, which includes poetry performances to punk albums. In addition, we will emphasize the role of the youth as producers and consumers, as opposed to the politics of adults and institutions. By covering the long sixties to the present, this course will discuss the transformation of these movements and subcultures and how they impacted the sociocultural processes of their regions, both nationally and transnationally. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3219 Debating Cultures: Broken Promises and Resilient Bregas: Snapshots of Puerto Rican Culture

The end of WWII and the advent of the Cold War brought heightened global attention to the Caribbean. While Cubans rid themselves of the Batista dictatorship, embraced socialism, and entered the USSR's realm of influence, Puerto Rico's importance for the U.S. as a showcase of capitalist modernization increased exponentially. Bad Bunny and reggaeton, Lin Manuel Miranda, and JLo wouldn't exist without the events and policies set in motion in Puerto Rico in the 1950s and 60s. This course will offer entry points into Puerto Rico's complex and often contradictory culture, with the goal that students develop a critical understanding of the leading social, political, and historical processes that have shaped the island's cultural production over the past 70 years. We will explore topics such as colonialism and neocolonialism, migration and diasporic communities, environmental and social justice, globalization and neoliberalism, and the intersection of race, class, gender, and identity formation. We will study works from island-born and Puerto Rican Diaspora cultural producers. Materials will include short stories and poems, films, podcasts, pop culture and sports icons, comics, performances, and historical essays. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, HUM EN: H

L38 Span 322 Advanced Conversation in Spain

Designed to offer students with advanced skills in Spanish an opportunity to refine their ability to discuss a variety of topics. Various media such as films, television, newspapers, and other modes of communication will be used for oral presentations and some writing. Prereq: Spanish 301, 307D or 308E, or multiple 300-level courses.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 3220 Debating Cultures: How Spanish is Used

This course examines how the Spanish language is used in context with emphasis on variation across linguistic subsystems-the sound system (phonetics and phonology), vocabulary (lexis), sentences (morphosyntax), meaning (semantics), and language in use (pragmatics)-and Spanish applied linguistics. Module 1 includes a concise overview and review of basics about linguistics, Hispanic linguistics, the nature of each linguistic subsystem, the history of the Spanish language, and characteristics of present-day regional varieties of Spanish. Module 2 focuses on semantics and pragmatics, complemented by an exploration of variation in vocabulary throughout the Spanish-speaking world, such as how the English word "popcorn" may translate as palomitas, canguil, cancha, pochoclo, among various other options, depending on the Spanish-speaking region in question. Module 3 introduces students to sociolinguistics as applied to the Spanish-speaking world, beginning with key concepts such as sociolinguistic variable and concluding with student-led analyses of samples of Spanish day-to-day interactions, emphasizing the legitimacy and value of variation in light of what might be relegated as "standard." Module 4 explores a selection of other areas of Spanish applied linguistics, which include teaching Spanish as a second or heritage language and dual immersion programs with Spanish and English in the United States. Students in the course are provided with opportunities to improve their own abilities in Spanish, such as regarding context-appropriate usage, and to apply their knowledge in practical ways to a range of issues and challenges related to the Spanish language today.Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD, LS, SSC, SC Arch: SSC Art: SSC BU: HUM EN: S

L38 Span 3221 Debating Cultures: Media, Materiality and Cultural Production in Greater Mexico and the U.S.-Mexico

This course is an invitation to explore the complex mediatic landscape of Greater Mexico and the U.S.-Mexico borderlands throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century. What did an early Spanish-language press look like in the United States? What are the connections it holds with the United Farm Workers publications later in the twentieth century? How did these publications interact with other platforms, such as Spanish-language radio? What are the political and cultural implications of hearing or seeing in the present-day militarized border zone? These are just some of the questions that we will collectively attempt to answer as we approach the cultural and artistic practices of the region. The course will deal with print, visual and aural culture, and you will have the chance to explore material such as Spanish-language newspapers, border ballads, radio, performance art, digital art and activism, among many others. We will discuss issues like ethnic identity, language, race, citizenship and gender, as they intersect with cultural production and its mediality. Moreover, you will become familiar with transnational frameworks for the study of culture, critically engaging with the work of border studies exponents such as Gloria Anzaldu´a and Ame´rico Paredes. This overarching approximation of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is meant to encourage a comprehensive understanding of the cultural processes of the borderlands: its fluctuations, as well as the continuities it maintains with present-day border culture. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 3222 Debating Cultures: Poetics of Extinction: extraction, violence, and possible futures in Latin Americ

The increasing anxiety regarding multiple axes of violence has become a major referent for contemporary literature across Latin America. While there are international discussions and treaties to reduce our carbon footprint on the planet and deliver a livable space for the future generations, the landscape seems to be completely different for countries that depend on the extraction of fossil fuels and other resources to move their economies. This course aims to be a window to some of the ways in which contemporary writers are portraying and criticizing the duality of extraction and violence that leads to extinction, and some of the possible futures they propose while we develop our own possibilities with their help. Here, the idea is that we will see extinction in a broader sense looking at efforts to erase, suppress, and control in the name of consumerism and individual enrichment. We will explore the relationship between the extraction and usage of natural resources, the harm caused onto human and non-human bodies, and the physical, emotional, and economical violence women and other feminized individuals suffer. Some of the topics we are going to engage with include indigeneity and sovereignty, environmental and social justice, ecofeminism and ecocriticism, neoliberalism, counter-market literary practices, technology, and the overall intersection of gender, class, and race through the intertwined triad of capitalism, coloniality, and patriarchy. Materials will include short stories, poems, music, films, podcasts, performances, and essays. Among the authors to be studied, we include Isabel Zapata, Liliana Colanzi, Verónica Gerber Bicecci, Lorena Cabnal, Yásnaya Aguilar Gil, Verónica Gago, Gabriela Damián Miravete, Julieta Paredes, Daniela L. Guzmán, Cristina Rivera Garza, Gladys Tzul Tzul, and others. This course will have a strong, mandatory, and graded oral communications component and is taught in Spanish.Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC EN: H

L38 Span 3223 Debating Cultures: Art of Recycling: Remix, Appropriation, & Eco-Narratives in Latin America & Spain

Some of the most disruptive and controversial artistic and literary works of the 20th and 21st centuries reuse previous materials and known works. These practices of recycling and appropriation have reopened great theoretical and socioeconomic debates: Is it ethical to create a work of art by recycling parts of other works? In these times of remakes and remixes, what gives originality and value to a work of art today? What are the legal limits of appropriation and intellectual property? In our course, we will discuss these questions by analyzing a varied corpus (music, cinema, literature, photography, and other plastic and visual arts) of contemporary works and authors that are recycling the canon and rewriting the current laws of how art and literature work in the Latin American and Spanish context. At the same time, the importance of the aesthetics of recycling coincides with a historical moment in which the ecological crisis is at the center of public debate. For this reason, we will also analyze how Climate and Weird Fiction in Spanish are creating ecological narratives to denounce, among other topics, the extractivism of the planet's resources and propose new sustainable ways of relating to our environment. This course will have an important practical dimension, so students will have the opportunity to experiment with different forms of artistic intervention. The course will be taught entirely in Spanish, with a strong and graded oral communication component. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 3224 Debating Cultures: Race, Migration, and Coloniality in Mediterranean Crossings

Taking as a point of departure the cultural and religious diversity of medieval Iberia, this course takes a postcolonial approach to the study of migrant cultures in contemporary Spain. The course studies migrants both as objects of representation and as producers of culture. From filmmakers to literary writers, thinkers on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar produce narratives about migration that invite us to reflect upon how immigrant communities are racialized, how religion becomes entangled with far-right politics, and how Spain's colonial legacies shape immigrants' lives. The materials studied include film (Chus Gutiérrez) and literary texts (Najat el Hachmi). As part of the course, students will discuss the interplay of cultural production, history, and politics. Students will be encouraged to think about the relevance, and limits of, prevailing and emerging concepts such as Orientalism (Said), andalucismo (Hirschkind), migration studies, and Mediterranean studies. This course will have a strong writing and oral communication component. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 3225 Debating Cultures: Escritoras, guerrilleras y artivistas: Central American Womens Legacy in Art and

Debating Cultures: Escritoras, guerrilleras y artivistas: Central American Women's Legacy in Art and Politics. This course will examine Central American history through the lens of women's struggles and their literary and artistic production. The class will start with readings from Marxist writers like Carmen Lyra and proto-feminists who contributed to the prestigious journal Repertorio Americano. The students will be introduced to Prudencia Ayala, the first Latin American woman presidential candidate and her political platform. They will also learn about women's contributions to revolutionary culture during the twentieth-century civil wars, such as testimonio and participation as war reporters. Finally, we will discuss contemporary artivism forms such as music, performance, visual art, and Central American film. We will investigate the causes and motivations for women's struggles and creative political participation. The course will be taught entirely in Spanish, with a strong and graded oral communication component. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 3226 Debating Cultures: Gender and Feminism in Contemporary Latin American Fiction

This course will explore the innovative feminist theory and fiction written by Latin American women and feminine-identifying writers in the twenty-first century. We will read and debate a broad range of texts together to think critically about how gender is represented in fiction and to practice doing feminist or gender-focused readings of literary works. During the first part of the class, we will explore major contemporary trends in Latin American feminisms, examining their key themes and differences and using their insights to analyze and critique the ways gender categories are constructed and mobilized in society. We will then transition to reading fiction, using the critical tools we have developed through reading and discussion to analyze the content and form of novels and short narratives. These stories will help us open a dialogue about how gender and feminist concepts are represented in fiction and intersected by dynamics of race, class, sexuality, memory, violence, family, care, and identity. By the end of our course, you will have the skills and conceptual foundation necessary to craft, write, and present your own original analysis of a fictional text through the lens of gender and/or feminism, and to apply these approaches to any literary or artistic work you may encounter outside the classroom. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC EN: H

L38 Span 3227 Debating Cultures: Afrodescendants in Comic Books and Graphic Novels

This course will explore the representation of people of African descent in comic books and graphic novels from Spain and Latin America. These will include comic books about Afro-Latin Americans and black Spaniards as well as comic books and graphic novels by black artists and writers from these regions. Students will learn how to engage academically with these two literary genres while reading and conducting research about the histories and cultures of Afrodescendants in the Iberian world. Topics of discussion will include: race, slavery, representation, and black resistance. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Spanish 303 is required. Students who have taken more than two Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Researching Cultures class.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC EN: H

L38 Span 331 Hispanic Art/Arte Hispano

This course focuses on the most important movements, artistic expressions and its representatives of the art history of Latin America and Spain. From the Pre-Columbian art of the Mayas, Aztecs and Incas, to the syncretism of Post-colonial Latin American art, the Mexican Muralism and the self-reconstruction portraits of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo to the Chicano Art in the U.S.A. From the Medieval paintings of religious Spain, to the criticism of the Spanish nobility by Diego Velazquez, the Spanish Civil War of "Guernica" by Pablo Picasso, to the Surrealism of Salvador Dalí and Antonio Gaudi. The students will visit the St. Louis and the Kemper Art Museums. Prereq: Span 303 or 308E. In Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 3361 Spanish-American Literature II in Chile/Spain

A survey of major Spanish-American literary works from the end of the 19th century to the contemporary period at Washington University's program in Chile or Spain. Prereq: Span 308E or the equivalent.

Credit 3 units. Art: HUM

L38 Span 341 Literary and Cultural Studies in Spanish

This course is an introduction to cultural and literary analysis within Iberian and Latin American cultures. The course will be covering a wide variety of materials that span different countries, historical periods, and various cultural and literary forms. The main objective of the course is to introduce students to key historical, geographical and political aspects of these cultures, while at the same time applying different approaches of cultural analysis. The course is structured upon key central concepts as they are particularly related to the cultures of the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America, such as Nation, Colonialism / Postcolonialism; Modernity and Postmodernity; Popular & Visual Media; Gender, Race, Migration and Social Class. The course combines the reading of literary texts, films and other cultural forms, with the examination of introductory critical works related to the key concepts that will be explored throughout the semester. Prereq: Spanish 308E or concurrent enrollment in 303. Taught in Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 342 Iberian Literatures and Cultures

Which are the cultures that shape what Spain is today? This course explores the diversity of the Iberian Peninsula through its literatures and cultures. As part of both the Mediterranean and Western Europe, the Iberian Peninsula has been shaped through a dynamic of conflict and negotiation between various cultures, languages, and religions. Students will engage themes such as internal colonization, imperialism, multiculturalism, regional identities, nation formation, migration, media and popular culture, modernization, and gender and race relations, as they relate to our understanding of the country today. Focuses may include but are not limited to the following: multiculturalism of the Middle Ages, the Muslim and Jewish presence in Spain, identity narratives and power relations, stage and performance traditions, as well as authors and artists like Cervantes, Galdós, García Lorca, Picasso, Almodóvar. Prereq: Spanish 308E or concurrent enrollment in 303. Taught in Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 343 Latin American Literatures and Cultures

How did Latin America become Latin America? This course explores the different inventions and reinventions of the region through its literatures and cultures. Beginning with the encounter of Europeans with America, students will engage themes like colonization and colonialism, urban and rural cultures, nation formation, modernization, media and popular culture, as well as gender and race relations. Authors studied may include Colón, Sor Juana, Sarmiento, Neruda, Borges, García Márquez, or Morejón. Prereq: Spanish 308E or concurrent enrollment in 303. Taught in Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 351 Business Spanish

Study of language and structures used in conducting business in the Hispanic world. Actual materials from various businesses--advertising, marketing, real estate, accounting--used. Particular stress on speaking and writing. Prereq: Span 308E, or permission of instructor.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 353 Medical Spanish

Designed for future medical professionals, this course will provide students with a complete vocabulary and cultural sensitivity necessary for treating Spanish-speaking patients. While the main focus is oral/aural, written exams, varied reading and some research are required. Volunteer work recommended for enrolled students. Advanced students will be given priority. Prereq: Span 307D or 302.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 354 A View from the Southern Cone: Perspectives on Art, Literature and Culture

This course will deal with current issues of cultural, social, political and literary importance related to the Southern Cone. We shall study selected texts from Argentina, Chile and Uruguay as well as contemporary films and drama productions. This course will seek to determine what specifically can be expressed about national identity, globalization and the environment as these countries face the twenty-first century. Course requirements include four short essays and a final exam. This course is taught in Santiago, Chile, as part of the Washington University Chile Program. May be repeated for credit. Conducted in Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: ETH EN: H

L38 Span 355 Spanish for the Social Sciences

This is an advanced Spanish language course designed to develop conversational, writing and listening skills for students in the social sciences. Students will learn and use the language in a content-based format, guided by culturally sensitive readings, discussions and activities. Prereq: Spanish 307D or 302. In Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: SSC Arch: SSC Art: SSC BU: HUM EN: S

L38 Span 360 Literature Topics Course in Spain

Taught through the Humanidades program of Carlos III University. Topics vary each semester. May be repeated for credit. Prereq: Approval of Washington University's Madrid program director and Carlos III.

Credit variable, maximum 3 units. Art: HUM

L38 Span 3600 Researching Cultures: Film and Dictatorship in Argentina and Chile

In this course, we will explore the methods by which filmmakers from the Southern Cone of Latin America used film to engage, document, and remember the military dictatorships of the 1970s and 1980s.We will look at the development of protest cinema in the area, the use of documentary filmmaking and resistance, navigating censorship, and the use of film as a nation's memory as we study films for which directors and actors risked (and sometimes lost) their lives. We will accompany our study of film with historical readings, reports on human rights abuses, and theories on memory and trauma. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded written communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts & Sciences students. Prerequisite: Span 303 or Span 308D, and one (or preferably two) of the following: Span 341, Span 342, Span 343, Span 370, Span 380 or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 3601 Cultural Studies Topics Course in Spain

Taught through the Humanidades program of Carlos III University. Topics vary each semester. May be repeated for credit. Prereq: Approval of Washington University's Madrid program director and Carlos III.

Credit variable, maximum 3 units.

L38 Span 3604 Researching Cultures: Making Latin America Popular

"Despacito," futbol, telenovelas: All of these are forms of Latin American popular culture that are increasingly part of our everyday reality here in the United States. All are also inseparable from stories of inequality, ethnic tensions and celebrations, understandings of gender relations, and notions of hope that blend ideas of nation with cultural consumption. While popular culture in Latin America is often considered a contemporary phenomenon linked to the 20th century and the mass production of cultural goods -- film, books, and music -- it has deeper roots. We can trace these back to the 19th century, where people, cultural processes, and phenomena literally began making Latin America popular. This course will survey the emergence and variety of modern popular culture in Latin America, from the 1800s to the present. Readings may include best sellers, gaucho poetry, stories of urban life and folk heroes, and materials engaging themes from dictatorship to contemporary Latinx experiences. We will learn about the intersections between race, nation, and music; explore the emotional and political power of futbol, along with the intense gender divisions it reveals; and delve into the appeal of telenovelas across socioeconomic divides. Historical and anthropological essays will also guide us throughout the semester. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded written communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts & Sciences students. Prerequisite: Span 303 or Span 308D, and one (or preferably two) of the following: Span 341, Span 342, Span 343, Span 370, Span 380, or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: ETH, IS EN: H

L38 Span 360Y Researching Cultures: Latin American Women Travelers

When we talk about "adventurers," "explorers," or "travelers," we tend to imagine them embodied in a masculine figure. In this course, we will focus on the limits of this idea of travel, analyzing travel as a gendered and racialized experience. Throughout the semester, we will study different types of mobility, travel, and travel literature created by Latin American women from the 19th century to the present, debunking the stereotypes of female immobility and immanence. From the Peruvian rabonas to the Mexican Revolution's soldaderas, from pleasure trips to forced exiles, we will read and examine the writings of Flora Tristan, Clorinda Matto de Turner, Victoria Ocampo, Clarice Lispector, Circe Maia, Cristina Peri Rossi, Samanta Schweblin, Cristina Rivera Garza, and Valeria Luiselli, among others. These different travelogues will serve as the basis for discussing the complexities of gender, race and social class in relation to travel, nation and literature. We will also discuss different theoretical approaches, seeking to deepen and enrich our academic writing in the Spanish language. In this course, students will write two short compositions and a final research composition on the topic of their choice related to the course content. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded written communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts & Sciences students. Prerequisites: Span 303 or Span 308D, and one (or preferably two) of the following: Span 341, Span 342, Span 343, Span 370, Span 380, or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3611 Researching Cultures: Urban Iberian Cultures -- Barcelona and Madrid

In this course, we will explore the various urban cultures of two paradigmatic cities in the Iberian Peninsula: Barcelona and Madrid. This is a research-focused course that examines from interdisciplinary and collaborative perspectives the urban spaces and cultures that have shaped the life of the dwellers of these two key cities, both across time and with a focus on the contemporary moment. While the founding of the city of Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia, dates back to the Roman empire (i.e., the first century BCE), the city of Madrid, the capital of Spain, was established during the 15th century around a small fortification developed during Al-Andalus, soon becoming the political center of the Spanish Empire during the 16th century. Through an examination of the urban development of both cities across time and the various contemporary urban spaces and cultures of the 21st century, this course will explore the ways in which writers (Jorge Carrion, Belen Gopegui, Julio Llamazares), musicians (Joan Manuel Serrat, Rosalia), visual artists (Pablo Picasso, Cristina Garcia Rodero, Angeles Santos Torroella), filmmakers (Jose Luis Guerin, Isabel Coixet, Chus Gutierrez) and architects (Juan de Villanueva, Antoni Gaudi) have reflected on and explored through their work in both cities. We will also explore the political and social relevance of both cities today as related to their own urban planning and development as well as their political relevance in both Catalonia and Spain as a whole. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded written communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts & Sciences students. Prerequisites: Span 303 or Span 308D, and one (or preferably two) of the following: Span 341, Span 342, Span 343, Span 370, Span 380, or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: ETH, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3612 Researching Cultures: Afterlives, Ghosts, and Haunted Places

In this course, we will examine the historical, cultural and aesthetic implications of how different artists, filmmakers, and writers approach the afterlife in the Spanish-speaking world. We will explore experiences and emotions that can be deeply personal and intimate as well as shared and lived out in public. We will discuss how practices and beliefs vary widely across the Spanish-speaking world and explore how traditions and rituals are invented and how these change over time. While our readings will include a few works from earlier periods, most of the texts stem from the 20th and 21st centuries, allowing us also to examine a number of historical events and their depiction in history and memory. We will discuss the ways in which grief, mourning, and trauma relate to identity and belonging, and we will also pay close attention to coping mechanisms that range from forgetting to humor. The last section of the course will focus on a specific case study of public mourning and remembrance: the Spanish Civil War and its multiple afterlives. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded written communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts & Sciences students. Prerequisites: Span 303 or Span 308D, and one (or preferably two) of the following: Span 341, Span 342, Span 343, Span 370, Span 380, or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 3613 Researching Cultures: The Paradoxes of Contemporary Cuba: The Good, the Bad, and the In-Between

In the wake of such momentous events as president Obama's visit to Cuba (March 2016), Fidel Castro's death (November 2017) and the end of Raul Castro's presidency (April 2018), for many Americans the island has advanced from the category of a forbidden and exotic fruit to a full-fledged reality. Now is a good time to ask not only "What is next for Cuba?" but also "What can we learn from Castro's revolutionary experiments"? This course explores from interdisciplinary perspectives the paradoxes of Cuban lives on the island and in the diaspora-the good, the bad and the in-between-along with the intertwined histories of the United States and Cuba. Using a combination of literary texts (Carpentier, Cabrera Infante, Ponte, Bobes, Obejas, Morejón, Padura), films ("Strawberry and Chocolate," "Guantanamera," "The Promise," "The New Art of Making Ruins"), artwork (Mendieta, Bruguera, Garaicoa), political speeches, and unique visual materials compiled by the instructor throughout her many research trips to Cuba, we will look at the island's contemporary reality through the lens of its colonial and postcolonial past. Topics include ethnic and gender identities, the history of slavery and plantation economy, the "myths" of Che Guevara and Fidel Castro, African-Cuban spirituality, popular music, political oppression and dissent, and the interplay of migration and exile, along with multiple perspectives on everyday life (foreign tourism, food rationing, dual-currency economy, restoration of colonial Course description: Havana, education, and healthcare). Due to the interdisciplinary perspectives inherent to this course, students will have an opportunity to engage their knowledge of and interest in disciplines outside the humanities (including but not limited to: public health, law, political science, urban studies, anthropology) in the exploration of Cuba's past, present, and future. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded written communications component and is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 or 308E, and one (or preferably two) of the following: 341, 342, 343, 370, 380 or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: HUM, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3614 Researching Cultures: Iberian Feminisms

This course will examine the development and transformations of feminist thought in the Iberian Peninsula, from the Enlightenment to the present, considering a diverse array of literary and cultural production (narrative fiction, poetry, essay, press accounts, film and visual culture) by women. We will consider not only the challenges faced by women cultural producers, given their social, legal, and historical circumstances, but also the strategies they used to negotiate their participation in the public sphere as writers, intellectuals, social reformers and activists. We will explore, from an intersectional perspective, the unique perspectives these women brought to their work, as they address pressing social, political, and cultural issues pertaining to their place in society, such as citizenship, suffragism, equal rights, divorce, gender violence, personal and political freedom, racial justice, among others. We will consider works of Enlightenment thinkers such as Josefa Amar y Borbón, representing the beginnings of a modern feminist consciousness in Iberia; Romantic writers (Coronado, Gómez de Avellaneda), who, under the impact of liberalism, were key to shaping new models of subjectivity for women; nineteenth-century (proto)feminists and social reformers of the fin-de-siècle (Pardo Bazán, Gimeno de Flaquer, Arenal); early twentieth-century suffragists and freethinkers (Carmen de Burgos, Campoamor, Hildegart); and feminist writers and filmmakers of the post-Franco era (Montero, Riera, Bollaín, Taberna) and women representing the diverse diasporic communities of 21st-century Spain (El Hachmi, Bela-Lobedde, Mbomio Rubio, Quanzhou Wu). Course assignments will consist of short essays, a book report, and a final project. Prerequisites: Spanish 308D or 303 and two of the following (341, 342, 342, 370, 380, or Debating Cultures).

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3615 Researching Cultures: Leisure and Urban Entertainment in Latin America

How do we define leisure or free time? Who can experience it? Can we choose which activities to perform in our free time? By establishing a dynamic dialogue between leisure/free time and other notions such as play, labor, inequality, alienation, and consumption, we will approach Latin America's urban entertainment scene from the end of the nineteenth century to the present. Beginning with the incorporation of the region into the global economic networks, we will trace the trajectory of the concept of leisure/free time to reflect on socio-political issues such as migration, gender, race, and social class. We will examine historical landmarks alongside examples of urban entertainment: from street celebrations, mass media, and soccer games, to social networks and virtual platforms in a pandemic scenario. Even though this course is mainly focused on Argentina and Uruguay, we will also have the opportunity to study cases from other parts of Latin America. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded written communications component and is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. PreReq: Spanish 308D or 303 and at least one Spanish surveys (341, 342, 342, 370, 380, or Debating Cultures). There are no exceptions to the prerequisite. Students who have completed four or more Spanish surveys (including Researching Cultures and the ones mentioned before) may not take this class and must proceed to the 400-level.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS

L38 Span 3616 Researching Cultures: Imagining the Andes

Taking Peru and Bolivia as case studies, this course explores the Andean region's cultures by examining the interactions between global, national, and indigenous cultures. We will study six main topics: indigenous peoples and state-formation; peasant revolutions; internal and transnational migration; memory and political violence; racialization and coloniality; and extractive capitalism and indigenous thinking (Buen Vivir). We will explore these issues while learning about the region's major historical transformation between the 1900s and the present. Course materials include oral histories, myths, literature, film, photography, music, and social media. Authors studied include Jose Maria Arguedas, Claudia Llosa, Yuyachkani, Anibal Quijano, Jorge Sanjines, and Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui. This course fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 or 308E, and one (or preferably two) of the following: 341, 342, 343, 370, 380 or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar. In Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS

L38 Span 3617 Researching Cultures: Representations of Childhood in the Spanish-speaking World

This course examines the construct of childhood in the Spanish-speaking world from an interdisciplinary perspective. We will explore the aesthetic, cultural, sociopolitical, and legal implications of a variety of media, about and/or for children. The course is divided into three thematic units. The first will delve into the pedagogical, nation-building and moral projects that underpin the development of children's literatures in the Hispanic world. The second focuses on children in the midst of crises, where we will turn our attention to issues of child labor, migration, poverty, public health, the environment, as well as economic and political crises that lay bare the inherent vulnerabilities of children. We will also familiarize ourselves with the work of a variety organizations that aim to mitigate child suffering and develop social awareness about the treatment and living conditions of children. The third unit centers around media and the child consumer, where we will explore the effects of social media, the advertising and marketing of food, games and toys, as well as a variety of other issues that affect children's emotional and psychosocial development. Some of the texts and films we will study include Ismaelillo and a selection of La edad de oro by José Martí, Cuentos pintados y morales by Rafael Pombo, Perico trepa por Chile by Alicia Morel, a selection of poems by Rubén Darío, Sólo un pie descalzo by Ana María Matute, Los herederos by Eugenio Polgovsky, Voces inocentes by Luis Mandoki and Entre nos by Gloria La Morte and Paola Mendoza. Additional materials include newspaper articles, podcasts and songs. This course fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 or 308E, and one (or preferably two) of the following: 341, 342, 343, 370, 380 or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar. In Spanish. 3 units.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 3618 Researching Cultures: Cultural Revolutions in Central America

Central American region has been invisible and stigmatized as the most violent and unequal of the continent. Nevertheless, these seven countries (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panamá and Belice) have a complicated history of creativity and cultural struggles related to indigenous people, national identity, revolution, Cold War, postwar and peace times, and transnational migration. This course will explore some of these topics through the lenses of cultural revolutions in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, in the context of the Cold War. Attention will be given to the articulation of culture and politics. We will study a wide range of media products and performances, such as rock songs, painting, folkloric music, radio streaming, street theater, testimony genre, literature, and film. In addition, we will discuss the engagement of writers and public intellectuals such as Ernesto Cardenal, Daysi Zamora, Roque Dalton, and Gioconda Belli to the revolutionary process in Latin America and the interplay between political mass mobilization and radical resistance. This course fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 or 308E, and one (or preferably two) of the following: 341, 342, 343, 370, 380 or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar. In Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, IS

L38 Span 3619 Researching Cultures: Graphic Latin America

This course examines the visual, affective and linguistic registers that graphic novels, comics and illustrations have used in Latin America to represent popular desire, enjoyment and resistance. We will challenge traditional perceptions of graphic formats as "minor literature" and we will delve into the relationship between popular consumption and structural changes in Latin American countries. Some of the questions that would lead the units are: Is there a specific storytelling attached to graphic narratives? What are the cognitive and perceptual challenges that graphic texts pose to the readers? What do we mean when we talk about "Latin America Graphic Fiction"? What does it mean to read "massive texts"? Can reception have a transformative power in Latin American societies? The genres analyzed include memoirs, political satire, parodies, science fiction and radical zines. This course fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 or 308E, and one (or preferably two) of the following: 341, 342, 343, 370, 380 or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar. In Spanish. 3 units. This course fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 or 308D, and one (or preferably two) of the following: 341, 342, 343, 370, 380 or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 361Y Researching Cultures: The Black Parade: Black Social Movements in Columbia & Peru, 1960s to Present

This course is a conceptual and thematic exploration of Black social movements in Colombia and Peru from the 1960s to present. Learners will explore topics such as Black Consciousness, Black Women's Rights, civil conflicts and drug conflicts, land rights, environmental justice, genocides against Black activists, Black Lives Matter, forced and quasi-voluntary displacements, as well as COVID-19, among others. The course not only highlights the widespread resistance by Blacks against systemic racism and inequality but also movements that celebrate Blackness and the curation of Black representation in countries that have intentionally made Black bodies invisible. Through an interdisciplinary and intersectional approach in an inclusive and co-collaborative environment, learners will analyze, understand, and juxtapose multiple (trans)national movements centering on the dimensions of race, gender, and class in order to productively discuss Afro-Latin American history, culture, and politics. Although this course is focused on writing, research and instructor feedback, learners will have the opportunity to engage bi-weekly with articles, videos, music, children's books, poetry, performances, films, and much more. This course will have a strong, mandatory and graded written communications component, and it is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts & Sciences students. Prerequisites: Span 303 or Span 308D, and one (or preferably two) of the following: Span 341, Span 342, Span 343, Span 370, Span 380, or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: BA, ETH, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3620 Researching Cultures: Politics of Melodrama in Latin America: From Serialized Novels to Telenovelas

This course explores the social and political history of melodrama in Latin America. We will discuss the role that melodrama has had within Latin American media following a long-term chronological approach that begins with nineteenth-century serialized novels (folletín) and ends with recent streaming television. As a language of emotions and familiarity, Latin American melodrama has been a key tool to reflect on the most important social and political issues, from mid-twentieth century populisms to globalization, from modernization to the human rights abuses of the 1970s' dictatorships. Thus, in this course we will delve into the political power of tears and smiles. The course will address the uses of melodrama in print media, radio, cinema, and television, in order to explore how the melodramatic imagination shaped the experience of modernity in the region and allowed Latin American audiences to deal with issues of class inequality, gender roles, sexuality, national identities, and racism. Course materials may include tango albums, 1940's Argentine and Mexican films, Cuban radionovela El derecho de nacer, Manuel Puig's novel El beso de la mujer araña [Kiss of the Spider Woman], as well as telenovelas from Colombia, Mexico, and Argentina. As part of the course, students will engage in active research on the interplay of politics and melodrama in contemporary Latin American media. This course fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 or 308E, and one (or preferably two) of the following: 341, 342, 343, 370, 380 or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar. In Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, WI BU: BA, IS EN: H

L38 Span 3621 Researching Cultures: Not a Piece of Cake: Culinary Crossroads of Latin American Cultures

This course explores from interdisciplinary perspectives the intersectional, transdisciplinary and cross-cultural dimensions of food in the Hispanic cultures of South and Central America, the Caribbean, and their respective (Latinx) diasporas. Using a combination of literary texts, artwork, testimonials, films, and scholarly articles, we will look at food, both as material commodity and metaphor, through the lens of Hispanic America's colonial and postcolonial past. Some topics include ethnic and gender identities, the history of enslavement and plantation economy (sugar, coffee), African-descendant and Indigenous spirituality as it pertains to food rituals, interplay of migration and exile in culinary transformations, along with multiple perspectives on everyday life (hunger, diets and dieting, food rationing, etc.). Due to the interdisciplinary perspectives inherent to this course, students will have an opportunity to engage their knowledge of and interest in disciplines outside the humanities (including but not limited to: sociology, psychology, public health, anthropology, global studies) in the exploration of food/gastronomy/culinary cultures, past, present, and future. This course has a substantial, mandatory and graded written communications component and is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 and at least one Debating Cultures (32XX). Students who have taken more than four Spanish Debating/Researching classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar (4XX).

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 3622 Researching Cultures: The Stuff of Legends: Remembering and Recreating the Past in the Hispanic Wor

Researching Cultures: The Stuff of Legends: Remembering and Recreating the Past in the Hispanic World. In this course we will study various versions of some of the most memorable legends that populate the imagination of Hispanic people in both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. We will study these narratives as they have evolved through time, depending on the contexts and media on which they are told, and we will compare their written versions with their transformations into plays, movies, comics and artistic renderings. To inspire our discussions, we will use the support of some key theories both past and present about emotions, and how these can contribute to our ability to memorize and retrieve the stories we love to remember. This course has a substantial, mandatory, and graded written communications component and is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 and at least one Debating Cultures (32XX). Students who have taken more than four Spanish Debating/Researching classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar (4XX).

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 3623 Researching Cultures: Decolonial Imaginaries in Latinx Cultures

Latinx-typically defined as the Latin American descendant and migrant populations settled in the US-is a hotly contested category and a fast-growing presence in US cultural and political life. In this course, we will examine cultural productions: literature, film, television, popular music, and more, to interrogate and attempt to understand the contours of Latinx experience. We will consider questions such as: what is the relationship of Latinx identity to language, migration, colonialism, labor, borders, race, ethnicity, and sexuality? How do race, ethnicity, class, gender, sexualities, citizenship, geography, and imperialism work with or push against Latinx identification? We will also consider the role of shared histories of coloniality in Latin America have on the formation of Latinx identity in the United States. Is there a shared decolonial impetus in Latinx cultural forms? Using an interdisciplinary lens, we will analyze how Latinx identities are imagined and produced through culture, and what they offer Latin American and US American cultural traditions as they push against multiple colonial orders. This course is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 and at least one Debating Cultures (32XX). Students who have taken more than four Spanish Debating/Researching classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar (4XX).

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 3624 Researching Cultures: Afro-Central American Literature and Culture

While Afro-Latin Studies have flourished in other regions of Latin America, Afrodescendants and their contributions in Central America have been submerged in a deep mutism. Some countries, such as El Salvador, have gone as far as to officially deny the presence of Afrodescendants in the nation while others characterize Afro-Central Americans as an anomaly or as foreign. Nonetheless, Afro-Central Americans possess a long, rich and complex history within the region which although often denied, is very much present. This course introduces students to the contemporary literature and culture of people of African descent in Central America in their attempts to visibilize themselves, rescue their history and to properly represent their roots and culture. We will analyze how this history and culture is represented in the literature of authors such as Gerardo Maloney from Panama, Xiomara Cacho Caballero from Honduras, Isabel Estrada Colindres from Nicaragua, and Wingston Gonzalez from Guatemala, to name a few. In addition, students will also have the opportunity to engage with music, podcasts, art and films which feature and/or are produced by self-identifying Afro-Central Americans. This course has a substantial, mandatory and graded written communications component and is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 and at least one Debating Cultures (32XX). Students who have taken more than four Spanish Debating/Researching classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar (4XX).

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 3625 Researching Cultures: Cumbia Culture in Latin America

This course explores the social impact of cumbia culture in Latin American lifestyles. Why has this music genre become a staple of Latin American countries? How does this music genre interact with the social, ethnic, and economical issues of the region(s)? By looking at cumbia as a transnational phenomenon, we will study how this genre interacted with different contexts and countries, such as Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, and the United States. We will explore the multiple cultural practices related to this culture, including music production, visual imagery, identities, parties, and dance. Our material includes music, album covers, video footage, and films, starting from the sixties to the present. From these productions, students will develop research essays using academic sources and methodologies from the cultural discussions of the classes with the guidance of the instructor. This course will have a strong, mandatory, and graded written communications component and is taught in Spanish. Prereq. Spanish 303 or 308D, and one (or preferably two) of the following: 341, 342, 343, 370, 380 or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI EN: H

L38 Span 3626 Researching Cultures--Curatorial Mexico: Unfolding Heritage Through Curatorial Practice

This course will get us immersed in Mexico's rich cultural heritage through the perspective of curatorial practice as dispersed throughout its myriad museums, heritage sites, and everyday spaces. We will focus on curatorial discourse as a unique form of communication, a genre in itself that is often understated on the role it plays in shaping, shifting, and contesting cultural and social identities. We will analyze how curatorial language inhabits not only writing but visual culture, speech, heritage collections, gallery installations, and even architecture, fashion, and food. We will discuss how the instability of curatorial discourse reveals the instability and contradictions within cultural heritage itself, deceivingly presented constantly as a neutral, unchangeable, and unquestionable entity. The materials and reflections in this course will ponder on cultural heritage as inevitably curated, discern the forms and implications of such mediation, and study curatorial practice and the trade of the curator as a form of agency that should aim to be ethical, inclusive, collaborative, and always challenged and renewed. We will work with a wide variety of materials from the early 20th century to contemporary Mexico that range from gallery and museum texts to political speeches, mass-media dispatches, literary texts, scholarly research, critical essays, interviews, fiction, magazine articles, manifestos, fashion statements, food menus, and architecture. These will lead us to reflect on how curatorial practice is a dynamic tool for understanding, renewing, preserving, and sometimes defying cultural heritage and what it stands for at different times and for different people. *This course has a substantial, mandatory and graded written communications component and is taught in Spanish. It also fulfills the Writing Intensive (WI) requirement for Arts and Sciences students. Prereq. Spanish 303 and at least one Debating Cultures (32XX). Students who have taken more than four Spanish Debating/Researching classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar (4XX).

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI EN: H

L38 Span 3650 Researching Cultures: Cultural Geographies of the Hispanic World

This course provides students with an overview of the cultural history of various regions of the Hispanic World, considering its global, transatlantic, hemispheric, national, and regional formations through print, visual, and sonic media and genres. Taking the multilayered tension between power and resistance as a conceptual framework, the course explores four key cultural geographies: the colonial space, the national space, the migrant space, and the natural space. Each cultural geography maps the oppositional forces that have shaped various regions of the Hispanic World since Western colonial expansion: colonialism and decolonial thinking, melting pot utopias and ethnic communities, revolution and the State, modernity, race, and gender identities, and extractivismo and ecological dissidence. Materials include films, songs, short stories, poetry, comics, and digital culture.This is a writing-intensive course. Prerequisites: Span 303 or Span 308D, and one (or preferably two) of the following: Span 341, Span 342, Span 343, Span 370, Span 380, or Debating Cultures. Students who have taken more than four Spanish culture or literature classes are not allowed in this course and must proceed to a Major Seminar.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI EN: H

L38 Span 3660 Researching Cultures: Sociolinguistics of the Spanish-Speaking World

This course provides an introduction to the basic concepts in sociolinguistics. Sociolinguisticsfocuses on the symbolic value of language as an expression of group identity based on region,gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic class, age, or other ways of defining group affiliation. Notionssuch as speech community, sociolinguistic variable, phonological and syntactic variation, andfield methods will be included. The course also surveys other related topics such language incontact, bilingualism and Spanish in the United States, Spanish as heritage language, languageattitudes and language identity, and language and the law. We will focus on research examiningthe use of Spanish in Latin America, Spain, and the United States.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, SC EN: H

L38 Span 370 Introduction to Hispanic Linguistics

An introduction to the scientific study of the Spanish language, this course focuses on each of the major linguistic subsystems, including the sound system (phonetics and phonology), word formation (morphology), formation of phrases and sentences (syntax), and the use of the language to convey meaning (semantics and pragmatics). At each level of analysis, selected comparisons are made between Spanish and English and between Spanish and other languages. The course also examines different historical, regional, and social varieties of Spanish and situations of Spanish in contact with other languages.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 380 Topics in Hispanic Cultures

This course surveys cultures in specific contexts (Latin America and Spain) and in different historical periods, from the Middle Ages to the present. The course provides students with critical and methodological tools in order to carry out an articulate and informed cultural analysis. Prereq: Span 308E or concurrent enrollment in 303. In Spanish. Topics vary from semester to semester. See section description for current offering.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, LS Arch: HUM Art: HUM BU: ETH EN: H

L38 Span 401 Intensive Translation for Graduate Students II

Designed to help graduate students in the humanities, social and natural sciences fulfill their Ph.D. language requirement, this is the second part of a two-semester course sequence in reading and translating Spanish. Non-graduate students may enroll with permission of the department. Credit for Span 400 is contingent on completion of Span 401.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD EN: H

L38 Span 4013 Second Language Acquisition and Technology

This seminar for undergraduate and graduate students will transform research and theory about second-language acquisition into practice while focusing on technology-driven applications. The course fosters professional development as participants formulate critical skills for evaluating, creating, and integrating technology into the language classroom and other language learning contexts, including business, engineering, and law. Course formats include readings, discussions, and demonstrations with technologies. The course counts for the minor in applied linguistics, the PhD in applied linguistics, and the graduate certificate in language instruction. This course carries the Social and Behavioral Sciences attribute and can be taken for different majors.
Same as L92 APL 4023

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: SSC EN: S

L38 Span 405 Undergraduate Seminar: Special Topics

An undergraduate seminar. Prerequisites: Span 307D, 308E, and either 333C-334C or 335C(Q)-336C(Q).

Credit 3 units.

L38 Span 405W Major Seminar

An undergraduate seminar. Topics vary. This is a writing-intensive course, which requires a minimum of 3 papers of approx. 4-5 pp. length, with rewrites; 50% of the grade must come from written work. Prereq: Span 307D and Span 308E and at least two 300-level literature courses taught in Spanish. In Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD, WI Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 410 Major Seminar

An undergraduate seminar. Topics vary. Prereq: Span 307D and Span 308E and at least two 300-level literature/culture surveys taught in Spanish.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 411 Spanish Grammar and Syntax

This course presents a detailed study of Spanish syntax. Different theories (including generative theory) as well as the relationship between (morpho) syntax and other linguistic subsystems are considered. Special attention is also given to Spanish/English contrasts of particular interest to language learners and teachers. Prerequisite: Any one Researching Cultures course

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD EN: H

L38 Span 4111 Advanced Grammar and Syntax in Spain

Detailed study of contemporary Spanish syntax. Special attention to fine points of grammar and syntax necessary for communication at the advanced level, taught at Washington University's Carlos III program in Madrid. Prereq: placement by exam.

Credit variable, maximum 4 units.

L38 Span 4112 Bilingual Advanced Grammar and Syntax in Spain

Detailed study of contemporary Spanish syntax for bilingual students, taught at Washington University's Carlos III program in Madrid. Prereq: placement by exam or program director.

Credit 3 units.

L38 Span 413 Linguistics and Language Learning

This course, taught in English, is a foundation for students who will work with linguistically and culturally diverse people in the USA and around the world, whether this work is in the courtroom, hospital, classroom, office and more. The class will help prepare students for the diverse range of twenty-first century occupations that have language and linguistics at their center, including machine learning and translation studies. The class utilizes a survey format and covers both internal and external factors related to language acquisition and language use, such as language and the brain, language aptitude, age, gender, memory, prior knowledge, etc. Theoretical and research dimensions of both linguistics and foreign / second language learning are treated. Corresponding implications of the readings focus on action- on making decisions for language policies and debates around the world that are informed by linguistic and language knowledge. The course is required for the minor in applied linguistics, the PhD in Applied Linguistics, and the graduate certificate in language instruction. This course carries the Social and Behavioral Sciences attribute and can be taken for different majors such as Global Studies and Educational Studies. Prereq: Ling 170 is recommended but not required.
Same as L92 APL 4111

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: SSC BU: BA, ETH EN: S

L38 Span 416 Introduction to Hispanic Linguistics

An introduction to the scientific study of the Spanish language, this course focuses on each of the major linguistic subsystems, including the sound system (phonetics and phonology), word formation (morphology), formation of phrases and sentences (syntax), and the use of the language to convey meaning (semantics and pragmatics). At each level of analysis, selected comparisons are made between Spanish and English and between Spanish and other languages. The course also examines different historical, regional, and social varieties of Spanish and situations of Spanish in contact with other languages. Preceptorial for undergraduates only.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD EN: H

L38 Span 417 Spanish Phonetics, Phonology, and Dialectology

This course, conducted in Spanish, explores the linguistic varieties of the 21 Spanish-speaking countries from both a historical and a synchronic perspective. The course begins with a traditional look at Spanish phonetics and phonology, with all students memorizing and utilizing the International Phonetic Alphabet. Course readings and discussions extend beyond the descriptive and include a search for the sources of language variation within the Spanish speaking world. Particular attention is devoted to language contact and bilingualism. Students will read in areas such as history, sociolinguistics, dialectology, and sociology, as well as traditional linguistic studies, in designing their projects concerning phonetics, phonology and dialect diversification.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: IS EN: H

L38 Span 466 Second-Language Acquisition

There are many ways in which a second language can be learned: from infancy as the child of bilingual parents, or later through formal instruction, immersion in a new culture, or in a particular work or social situation. This class is an inquiry into the processes by which acquisition occurs. Topics include the nature of language learning within the scope of other types of human learning; the relationship between first and second language acquisition; the role of linguistic, cognitive, and sociocultural factors; insights gained from analyzing learners' errors; key concepts such as interlanguage and communicative competence; bilingualism; the optimal age for second language acquisition; and a critical appraisal of different theories of second language acquisition. Both theoretical and instructional implications of second language acquisition research are considered. This course can be used towards certification in TESOL and is a required course for the Graduate Certificate in Language Instruction. Prerequisite: Ling 170D or equivalent is recommended, especially for undergraduates, but is not required.
Same as L44 Ling 466

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM Arch: HUM Art: HUM EN: H

L38 Span 467 Grammar and Vocabulary Acquisition

This course examines theoretical and instructional implications of research on grammar and vocabulary acquisition. Topics include making form-meaning connections during language learning; developmental stages; the role of input and input processing; explicit and implicit methods of grammar instruction; pertinent factors in vocabulary acquisition, such a learning context and processing resource allocation; and comparisons of incidental and direct vocabulary instruction techniques. Major theories of language acquisition (e.g., nativism, emergentism) are critically examined in light of the research presented, and research findings are applied to instructional practices.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: LCD BU: BA EN: H

L38 Span 469 Reading and Writing in a Second Language

This course, taught in English, extends issues in second language literacy beyond pedagogy by examining the wide range of theoretical and research issues, both historical and current. Literacy acquisition among second language learners involves a number of variables including both cognitive and social factors. Topics to be discussed in class include literacy and social power, universal cognitive operations, individual learner differences, text types and literary forms, and the extent to which reading and writing are interrelated. Students will discuss how to bridge research and practice, and they will create reading and writing activities driven by theory and empirical investigations. This course is a required course for the for the undergraduate minor in Applied Linguistics and an elective for the Graduate Certificate in Language Instruction.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: HUM, LCD

L38 Span 4691 Second Language Reading and Writing: Theory, Research and Practice

This course, taught in English, extends issues in second language literacy beyond pedagogy by examining the wide range of theoretical and research issues, both historical and current. Literacy acquisition among second language learners involves a number of variables including both cognitive and social factors. Topics to be discussed in class include literacy and social power, universal cognitive operations, individual learner differences, text types and literary forms, and the extent to which reading and writing are interrelated. Students will discuss how to bridge research and practice, and they will create reading and writing activities driven by theory and empirical investigations. This course is a required course for the for the undergraduate minor in Applied Linguistics and an elective for the Graduate Certificate in Language Instruction. This course carries the Social and Behavioral Sciences attribute.

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: SSC EN: S

L38 Span 4692 Reading Across Languages and Cultures: Theory, Research, and Practice

The United Nations has declared that literacy is a fundamental human right. This course, which is taught in English, connects to the mission of UNESCO and examines the wide range of theoretical and research issues -- both historical and current -- related to reading and writing across languages and cultures. Literacy acquisition among second-language learners involves a number of variables, including both cognitive and social factors. Topics to be discussed include universal cognitive operations, individual learner differences, text types and literary forms, literacy and social power, and the extent to which reading and writing are interrelated. Students will discuss how to bridge scientific research in the laboratory to practice, and they will be involved in St. Louis community outreach projects with refugees and immigrants at the International Institute, where they will create and implement reading and writing activities driven by theory and empirical investigations. Students will take the theory and research they learn, and they will help meet the local reading and writing needs of a changing population with a variety of backgrounds, values, and educational preparations. The course is required for the minor in applied linguistics, the PhD in applied linguistics, and the graduate certificate in language instruction. This course carries the Social and Behavioral Sciences attribute and can be taken for different majors, such as Global Studies and Educational Studies.
Same as L92 APL 4692

Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: SSC EN: S

L38 Span 495 Honors

Students who meet the requirements work closely with a member of the faculty on an individual basis on a project of mutual interest. Emphasis on a tutorial on a regular basis. Prereq: permission of Director of Undergraduate Studies. Preregistration not permitted.

Credit variable, maximum 3 units.

L38 Span 4951 Honors

Students who meet the requirements work closely with a member of the faculty on an individual basis on a project of mutual interest. Emphasis on a tutorial on a regular basis. Prereq: permission of Director of Undergraduate Studies. Preregistration not permitted. Pass/Fail.

Credit 3 units. EN: H